Jaipur
Jaipur, also known as Jeypore when it was known by that name, is the current capital and biggest city of the state of Rajasthan in India. The city's population was estimated to have reached 3.1 million in 2011, placing it as the tenth most populated city in the United States. Due to the predominance of the colour pink in the city's architecture, Jaipur is sometimes referred to as the "Pink City." In addition to that, it is often referred to as the Paris of India, and C. V. Raman referred to it as the Island of Glory. It is situated 268 kilometres (167 miles) to the north of New Delhi, the national capital. Jai Singh II, the Kachhwaha Rajput prince who also ruled Amer and after whom the city is called, established Jaipur in 1727 and gave the city its current name. Vidyadhar Bhattacharya was responsible for the creation of this city, making it one of the first planned settlements in contemporary India. During the time when Great Britain was in control of India, this city was the seat of government for the state of Jaipur. Following India's independence in 1947, Jaipur was selected to serve as the state capital of the brand-new state of Rajasthan.
In India, Jaipur is one of the most well-known vacation spots, and it is also included in the "Golden Triangle" tourism circuit, along with the cities of Delhi and Agra (240 km, 149 mi). It is also a gateway to other tourist destinations in the state of Rajasthan, including Jodhpur (348 kilometres or 216 miles away), Jaisalmer (571 kilometres or 355 miles away), Bharatpur (186 kilometres or 116 miles away), Udaipur (421 kilometres or 262 miles away), Kota (252 kilometres or 156 miles away, and Mount Abu (520 km, 323 mi).
Jaipur, well known as the "Pink City of India," was included on the list of World Heritage Sites by the UNESCO World Heritage Committee on July 6, 2019. In addition, the city is home to two locations that are included on the UNESCO World Heritage Sites list: the Amer Fort and the Jantar Mantar.
On November 18, 1727, the city of Jaipur was established by the Maharaja Sawai Jai Singh II, the King of Amer. Sawai Jai Singh II governed Amer from 1699 to 1743. In order to handle the swelling population and the increasing shortage of water, he intended to move his capital from Amer, which is located 11 kilometres (7 miles) away to Jaipur. When developing the layout of Jaipur, Jai Singh referred to a number of books containing information on architecture and architects. The city of Jaipur was designed by Vidyadhar Bhattacharya, an architect, with the concepts of Vastu Shastra and Shilpa Shastra serving as the foundation for the city's layout. It was in the year 1726 that construction of the city first started, and it took a total of four years to finish building the principal roadways, offices, and palaces. The city was split into nine blocks, two of which included the palaces and other structures belonging to the state, while the other seven blocks were open to the general public. Massive ramparts were constructed, which were then penetrated by seven different defensive gateways.
The city of Jaipur has a climate that is classified as monsoon-influenced hot semiarid, with unusually long and highly hot summers and relatively short and moderate to warm winters. The annual precipitation is more than 63 centimetres, with the majority of precipitation occurring in the months of July and August as a result of the monsoon. As a result, the average temperature in these two months is lower when compared to the dry months of May and June. Even though there are frequent thunderstorms and strong rainfall throughout the monsoon season, flooding is not often an issue. On May 23, 1994, the temperature reached a record-breaking high of 120.2 degrees Fahrenheit (49.0 degrees Celsius). Between the months of December and February, the average temperature of the city stays below 20 degrees Celsius, or 68 degrees Fahrenheit. These months are characterised by being quite warm, dry, and pleasant, but sometimes cold. On the 31st of January and the 1st of February in 1905, the temperature dropped to a record low of 2.2 degrees Celsius (or 28.0 degrees Fahrenheit). In the winter, the surrounding rural areas might see temperatures that dip below freezing, but Jaipur, like many other large cities across the globe, is located in an area that is considered to be a considerable urban heat island zone.