Somalia

Somalia is a nation in the Horn of Africa that is officially known as the Federal Republic of Somalia. Ethiopia borders the nation on the west, Djibouti on the northwest, the Gulf of Aden on the north, the Indian Ocean on the east, and Kenya on the southwest. The country's capital is Addis Ababa. Somalia has the longest coastline on the African continent's continental shelf. Its geography is mostly composed of plateaus, plains, and highland areas. Year-round high temperatures are experienced, with intermittent monsoon winds and sporadic rainfall. Somalia has an estimated population of roughly 15 million people, with over 2 million living in the capital and biggest city, Mogadishu. It has been regarded as Africa's most culturally homogenous nation, with over 2 million people living in the capital and largest city, Mogadishu. Approximately 85 percent of its people are ethnic Somalis, who have traditionally lived in the country's northern regions. Ethnic minorities are overwhelmingly concentrated in the southern United States. Somali and Arabic are the main language of Somalia. Somali is the official language of Somalia. The bulk of the population in the nation is Muslim, with the majority of them being Sunni.

At one point in history, Somalia was a significant commercial hub. It is considered to be one of the most likely sites of the mythical ancient Land of Punt. At various points in time during the Middle Ages, numerous great Somali empires controlled regional commerce. These empires included the Ajuran Sultanate, the Adal Sultanate, and the Sultanate of the Geledi, to name a few.

In the late nineteenth century, Somali Sultanates such as the Isaaq Sultanate and the Majeerteen Sultanate were colonised by Italy, Britain, and Ethiopia, resulting in the establishment of the Somali Republic. European settlers split the tribal lands into two colonies, which were known as Italian Somaliland and the British Somaliland Protectorate, after the tribes were united. As a result of their two-decade-long struggle against Abyssinia, Italian Somaliland, and British Somaliland, the Dervish forces led by Mohammed Abdullah Hassan were eventually defeated during the 1920 Somaliland Campaign. After winning the Campaign of the Sultanates against the governing Majeerteen Sultanate and the Sultanate of Hobyo, Italy was able to seize complete control of the northeastern, central, and southern regions of the region, allowing it to expand its influence across the region. The two regions merged in 1960 to become the autonomous Somali Republic, which was governed by a civilian administration.