Herman Henry Yeatman Woolf

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Herman Henry Yeatman Woolf
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Born(1902-06-23)June 23, 1902
Died(1962-11-23)November 23, 1962
NationalityBritish
Alma materLondon University
OccupationArtist

Herman Henry Yeatman "Hal" Woolf (23 June 1902.[1]-23 November 1962[2]) was a British artist who died in police custody under disputed circumstances.[3] His second ex-wife, Greta, campaigned for an official inquiry[4]. The Government held an enquiry chaired by Norman Skelhorn QC,[5] which was held in private[6]. The final report was published in March 1964 and the evidence released to the UK National Archives in 1995.[7] This inquiry led to changes in police procedure notably with regard to charging semi-conscious or unconscious suspects[8].

This case was also the start of Private Eye becoming an investigative as well as a satirical magazine[4].

Early life

Hal Woolf was the second child[9] born in Hampstead to Michael Yeatman Woolf (20 January 1869[10]-14 May 1941[11]) and his wife Rose Woolf née Nashelski (January 1872[10]- 4 November 1940[12]). His father was a dentist in Wimpole Street, London and his mother was from New Zealand[9]. He had an elder sister, Eileen Hine Yeatman Woolf who was born in 1898[9] and died in 1918[13].

Education

Hal attended Westminster School[14] and then studied at London University[15]. Following this he studied art at Chelsea Polytechnic under Bernard Adams 1920-22[15] and later in Paris at the Academie de la Grande Chaumiere[15].

Life and career

He exhibited at the Redfern Gallery and with the Royal Academy, Royal Institute of Oil Painters, Royal Society of Portrait Painters, the London Group, and with the National Society of Painters and Gravers to which body he was elected a member in 1946[15].

Hal's first solo exhibition of 50 works was at The Redfern Gallery in the Autumn of 1929 which was reviewed in the Yorkshire Post & Leeds Intelligencer[16]: "interesting, alive, and rich in promise", "well up in the second class".

The Times[17] also reviewed the exhibition: "Mr Woolf will paint better when he simplifies his motives"

There was a posthumous exhibition of Woolf's work at the Woodstock Gallery in 1964[18]. This followed an appeal to lend works by Greta Woolf[19]. The exhibition was reviewed by Arthur Moyse in Freedom, The Anarchist Weekly, on 18 January 1964[20]:

Hal painted in oil, watercolour and gouache. His work comprised townscapes, landscapes and portraits. The commissioned portraits seem to mostly date from the interwar years. A number of his portraits, especially the later ones, are of friends.

His 1930s landscapes & townscapes are often of Spanish scenes. In the 1950s he painted scenes closer to where he lived at 21 Delamere Terrace, Paddington[21].

When died he was living at 21 Bourne Terrace, Paddington and working for the postal department of London University[22].

Spain

Hal and his first wife, Mamie, travelled separately to Majorca in November 1935 and were caught up in the Spanish Civil War[23]. The Battle of Majorca was from 16 August to 12 September 1936 when the Republican forces attempted an invasion.

Mamie & Hal were separated and made their own ways back to the UK[23].

Hal was in Barcelona before July 1936 painting landscapes and meeting left-wing intellectuals in bars[18]. During the Spanish Civil War, he had a reputation as a fixer and his sympathies were with the Republicans but he was not a communist. He was in Barcelona during the second half of 1938 and may not have left until early 1939[18].

The Brian Sewell Archive[18] contains a letter from Brian Sewell to Dick Brewis dated 14/September/1981 which is part of a lengthy correspondence from 1981 to 1982 which describes Hal’s time in Spain. The source is a Spanish emigré, then in his mid-eighties, whose alias was Jesus Hernandez:

"

  1. HW was in Barcelona before July 1936, painting landscapes and mixing with intellectual bar (drinking – not legal) circles.
  2. HW "came and went" after the war began. He seemed never to be short of money, though not particularly flush, and he seemed always to know a man who can do whatever had to be done.
  3. HW was in Barcelona during the second half of 1938 when things were very difficult, and may not have left until early 1938, by which time Jesus had already left for London.
  4. HW’s political sympathies were entirely Republican, but -and Jesus is very determined about this – not communist.
  5. HW and Jesus met again in London in early summer 1939. Some time during the following year HW joined the army and left the contents of his studio (mostly Catalan landscapes) with Jesus.
  6. Their friendship was never close after the war, even though it was HW’s money and contacts that enabled Jesus to escape from Barcelona during the worst period of the Civil War.
  7. HW’s post-war address was for some time 48 Lower Sloane Street [24], but Jesus is not sure for how long; he also says he was a member of the Chelsea Arts Club.

"[18]

WW2 Service

Woolf served as a Temporary Captain in a Royal Engineers[25] camouflage unit[15] in North Africa. His war substantive rank was Lieutenant[25]. Julian Trevelyan in his memoir Indigo Days[26] referred to Hal "We drive to Haifa, and meet Barclay Russell and Hal Woolf, who is very much in his element as a camouflage officer and who makes many clandestine trips to Jerusalem". In a newspaper report of Hal's first conviction for possession of marijuana it says he was in East Africa[27]. Hal volunteered for the army in 1939[14], went abroad in 1941 and returned to the UK in 1946[28]. He was discharged with the rank of Captain[14]. He was abroad in the army in the Middle East from at least 1942[29].

Use of marijuana

Whilst in Cairo during WW2 Hal developed the habit of smoking Indian hemp (marijuana)[30]. The Home Office[22] report stated that he made no secret of his use of marijuana and that he did not smoke it in public. He was prosecuted twice (1946[27] when he was fined £10 and 1948[31] when he was fined £30).

Connection to the Profumo scandal

Hal died in November 1962 and his story broke in August 1963[4]. The Profumo scandal broke at the same time.

Hal knew at least two of the people on the fringes of the Profumo Scandal[30]. In the 1950s he lived at 21 Delamere Terrace, Paddington in a house also lived in by Henry and Ruth Milton[21]. Ruth had previously been known as Elizabeth Hamilton-Marshall[32]. Her daughter Paula Hamilton-Marshall[33] was a close friend of Christine Keeler and went to prison for perjury because she falsely accused Lucky Gordon of attacking Christine whereas it was in fact her brother John.

Hal was close friends with Henry & Ruby Milton and painted both of them, as did Lucian Freud who lived next door. Ruby was the model for Freud's La Voisine[33] and Henry & his stepdaughter Paula were the models for Father & daughter.

Hal made Henry Milton the reserve executor of his will and both Henry & Ruby were beneficiaries[34].

Personal life

Hal married Mamie Clara Hurman (4 August 1902[35]-1 June 1963[36]) on 13 July 1927 and they divorced in 1937 following his adultery with Margaret Gibbons who became Hal's second wife[37]. Mamie did not remarry[36]. They had a child, Peter Claud Woolf, who died[38] shortly after birth in 1929[39].

Before WW2 Mamie worked as a part-time personal assistant to Ivor Brown, drama critic of The Observer, for fifteen years until 1942[29] and also worked as an antiques dealer[35]. From 1942 until 1944 she worked as a secretary in section D/CR of SOE[29]. After WW2 Mamie returned to antique dealing and lived with her mother in Winchester[40].

On 3 October 1939[41] Hal married Margaret "Greta" Gibbons (11 or 18 November 1914[1]-Q3, 2011[42]). She gave her father's name as Michael Charles Gibbons and his profession as engineer[41]. Although she gives her name as Margaret Gibbons on the marriage certificate[41], the 1937 electoral register[43] and the 1939 phone book (as Greta)[44] her real name was Margaret or Greta Meta L Gerbeit[18][42] and she was born in Berlin[45]. She was brought to England by Hal in the mid to late 1930s[18]. After Hal's return from overseas in 1946 they lived together for approximately a month and divorced in 1947[28]. In that the same year Greta went to Venezuela[46] and returned to the UK by 1949[47].

In the 1950s Greta worked as a theatrical seamstress[48] and in the 1960s Margaret was an antiques dealer[49] in ShepherdsBush Market and in the 1970s in Pierrepoint Row N1[50].

Greta's death was registered in Q3, 2011[42] in Haringey, London.

Death

Hal's death was the subject of two inquiries: an internal one by the Met Police[14][51][52] and a Home Office (HO) inquiry[53][54][55][56][57][58][59]. The allegation by Hal's friends was that the Met police had caused his death[30] but both inquiries found that this was not the case[8]. The Home Office inquiry did criticise some aspects of police behaviour[8].

Hal was knocked down by a car in Park Lane, London and died of his injuries whilst in police custody.

The Home Office inquiry was published by HMSO in March 1964[60]. The inquiry papers and the police files have been available at the UK National Archives since 1995[14][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59].

On the day of the accident, Saturday 10 November 1962[22], Hal met two friends, Greta Woolf (his second ex-wife) and Malcolm Dunbar at approx 1:30pm[61] at the York Minster pub in Dean Street. The presence of Malcolm Dunbar was omitted from the official inquiry's published report and from the Private Eye account but is mentioned in the manuscript transcript of the inquiry[56]. Malcolm Dunbar was not called as a witness as he had died in July 1963 in what looked like suicide but the Coroner recorded an open verdict. Hal drank two half pints of beer (The York Minster, now The French House, only serves beer in half pints) and left at approx 2:15pm to visit another friend, Ronald Greville, at Westminster Hospital[61], a distance of approximately 1 ½ miles, arriving at approx 3pm[61]. He left there at about 3:45pm[56].

The accident occurred at approx 5:30pm at the south end of Park Lane approximately opposite Achilles Way on the southbound carriageway[22]. The inquiry assumed Hal was crossing from the East side. Park Lane was being remodelled at the time but this section was similar to the way it was in 2022. The inquiry papers include a map of the location with the position of witnesses[55]. On the opposite side of the road was the fenced works compound with no footway. There was another fatal accident on Park Lane on 29 December 1961 when a woman was killed crossing at the former location of a pedestrian crossing[62]. Pedestrians continued to be involved in accidents on Park Lane throughout the 1960s as not everyone used the new subways.

At the time of Hal's accident the traffic was very heavy with several lanes of traffic, it was drizzling and dusk or dark though the carriageway was well lit[22]. Hal was knocked down by an E Type Jaguar registration number 773 ELH driven by Mr Ivor McLean[51]. In his witness statement[14] Mr McLean said:

"I had just left the last set of traffic lights southbound towards Hyde Park Corner and had just changed into second gear moving forward at a speed of about 10 to 15 mph. Suddenly I felt a bump at the front nearside of my car."

The windscreen of the car was broken, the bonnet dented and Hal was thrown into the air, somersaulted, fell on his back in the road and hit his head[51].

The driver stopped as did the car behind which contained two people. These three plus a pedestrian. who heard but did not see the accident, all went to help and all gave evidence at the HO inquiry.

The driver of the car behind, Mr Peter Callender, said in his witness statement[14]:

"...I was driving my vehicle south along Park Lane towards Hyde Park Corner at approximately 10/15 mph. I was following an 'E' type Jaguar at a distance of approximately 25/30 yards."

An ambulance was called and Hal was taken to St. George's Hospital which in 1962 was at the south end of Park Lane[22].

Accounts differ as to whether Hal smelt of drink. The car driver wasn't sure and the other witnesses and the ambulance staff said he didn't. The Police said he did. The HO inquiry concluded that he was "not the worse for drink"[61].

At the hospital Hal was examined by Dr Brian Toone[63] and his head was X-Rayed[22]. Whilst Hal was in the casualty department a male nurse, Peter Bennett, checked Hal's pockets and his haversack, described as being a wartime gas mask bag (similar to a modern courier bag) for identification. The haversack contained a half bottle of Teacher's whiskey of which approx one third had been consumed and a quantity of a herbal mixture wrapped in two packets of newspaper. In Hal's pocket was a small tin containing the same mixture. The Met Police laboratory later assessed the mixture to be a total of 165 grains (10.7 grams) of Indian hemp (marijuana) which was deemed sufficient for 33 cigarettes and was assessed to have a value of £8 5s 0d[63].

The police officer who had been sent to the hospital to investigate the personal injury accident was shown the herbal mixture, assessed it as likely to be Indian hemp and arrested Hal[63].

Due to the quantity of marijuana found the Police thought they had arrested a dealer[64].

Dr Toone concluded from the X-Ray that there was no fracture of Hal's skull. He also assessed Hal's injuries as comparatively trivial[63].

Hal was handed over to the police who took him to West End Central police station where he was examined by the police surgeon, Dr James Henderson Peters[63]. Dr Peters died on 12 July 1963 of myocardial ischaemia aged 63[65] and the inquiry relied on his written records[66]. The inquiry was unwilling to express any view with regard to Dr. Peters actions without him having an opportunity of explaining them. Attempts were made to contact his widow to see if she wished to be legally represented but it was found that she was in transit to Southern Rhodesia, now Zimbabwe, and it was judged that further action was impracticable[28].

The police failed to complete the correct paperwork so when Hal's friends reported him missing it was not identified that he was in police custody[67]. The police also searched Hal's flat at 21 Bourne Terrace, Paddington without appropriate permission[68] and charged him whilst he was semi-conscious[8]. On all of these points they were criticised by the inquiry.

On the afternoon of Sunday 11 November 1962, Hal was found in the detention room slumped on the floor and he could not be roused. Dr Peters was called and Hal was taken back to St George's Hospital. On arrival, he was examined and no injuries further to those recorded the previous day were recorded. At around 11pm on Monday 12 November 1962, Hal was taken to the Atkinson Morley Hospital which is a specialist in head injuries[69].

Two operations were performed on him but he died on 23 November 1962 at 10:10pm[69]. He had been kept under police guard until 22 November when the guard was removed at the request of the hospital matron[2]. Independent expert evidence to the inquiry said that Hal's head injuries incurred in the accident were unsurvivable[70]. From the outset, the police were of the view that Hal was either drunk, under the influence of illegal drugs or both[71]. However, no tests for alcohol or drugs are mentioned in the inquiry report or the released Police files.

Meanwhile, Hal's friends, including Greta, had become concerned at his disappearance and reported him as missing on the 15th November but this was to a different London police station to the one where Hal had been taken and the failure to follow procedures on arresting someone meant that the fact Hal was in police custody was not identified[2][72]. Greta's phone number was in Hal's diary as the person to contact in case of an accident but the police did not do this[73]. The Police said that Hal had said he wanted no one to be contacted[74]. The arresting officer claimed not to have seen this diary[73]. The police did copy out names, addresses and telephone numbers, including Greta's, from it[51].

The police at West End Central finally realised that Hal had been reported missing and at 1am on the 24th November phoned Mr Cotton who had reported him missing, to say where Hal was[74]. When Mr Cotton phoned the hospital he found that Hal had died the night before[74].

The police also finally found Hals’ diary and phoned Greta, at the same number as Mr Cotton, an hour later[74].

Hal's friends were suspicious, especially after they had seen his body, and proceeded to speak to as many medical staff who had treated Hal as they could[30].

Hal was cremated at St Marylebone Cemetery at 9:15 on 8/December/1962[75]. His ashes were removed.

Inquest and inquiries

The inquest was held on 28 November 1962 and 5 December 1962 and recorded the cause of death as contusion of the brain following collision with a motorcar[14].

Hal's friends approached the solicitor Stephen Swingler MP to take up the case. The matter was passed to an assistant who failed to arrange legal representation at the inquest and told Greta and Mr Cotton to ask for an adjournment in order that proper legal representation could be arranged. The coroner refused to adjourn the inquest. The assistant then left Mr Swingler's firm taking with him all the case documents including Hals’ will[30].

Following a Private Eye article on 9 August 1963[76][77] and the wider circulation of the story in the national and regional press including The Times[78] the Met conducted an internal inquiry headed by DS Axon. The Police apologised for mistakes that led to Hal's whereabouts not being recorded correctly[79]. The Met inquiry papers are held at the UK National Archives[14][51].

In November 1963 Greta sought to have the inquest verdict quashed and for there to be a new inquest. The application was refused[80].

The Met inquiry failed to allay suspicions amongst Hal's supporters and after pressure, including questions in the House of Commons[81], the Home Office carried out its own private inquiry led by Norman Skelhorn QC[60]. The inquiry had no power to compel the attendance of witnesses or take evidence under oath[6]. Mr Skelhorn heard evidence from seventy-eight witnesses and was satisfied that "all the relevant evidence which was available was put before me"[6].

The inquiry papers were released to the UK National Archives in 1995 and included a manuscript transcript of the questioning of witnesses[56]. The catalogue does record that one group of the inquiry papers, HO 287/562, was missing at transfer but gives no indication of what it might contain. There is also a gap in the internal references: HO/287/564 contains inquiry papers A1 to A28 and HO/287/565 contains inquiry papers A30 to A69. There are no documents from Special Branch or the security services in the inquiry papers despite Hal's connections including Malcolm Dunbar and Tomas Harris both of whom also died in disputed circumstances[82]

The Skelhorn inquiry found that Hal was not subjected to any violence or deliberately maltreated at the hands of the police. It did say that the police failed in their duty of care to Hal and failed to follow proper procedures which would have allowed his friends to find him before he died[8].

It recommended that searches of premises should only be carried out with the correct authorisation and that the charging of semi or unconscious suspects should cease[5].

Mr Skelhorn requested that the Home Office paid Greta's costs and this was done[57].

On the 26 March 1964, The Times reported "Woolf not maltreated at Police station"[83].

In his memoirs "Public Prosecutor"[84] published in 1981 Norman Skelhorn wrote:

"I was pleased that the evidence in the Woolf case exonerated the police from any blame for the unfortunate man’s death".

Private Eye

The Woolf case was first brought to public attention in Private Eye edition 43 published on Friday 9 August 1963[76][30][77]. The story was picked up by the Sunday Mirror of 11 August 1963 and other national and regional papers followed.

This was the first piece of serious investigative journalism published by Private Eye and it came about almost by accident[4]. Claud Cockburn, the left-wing journalist, was invited to guest edit one issue. Greta Woolf had been trying to get the newspapers interested in the Hal Woolf case without much success. She finally visited Cockburn at his home in Ireland and he decided to include it in Private Eye[4]. The article was published under the headline "Come to Lovely London and find HOW TO BECOME DEAD Without Anyone Knowing How".

The article seems to be based almost entirely on the account of Greta as it matches her evidence to both the police inquiry and the Home Office inquiry.

Philip Knightley

Philip Knightley kept a file on Hal Woolf in a locked cabinet in his office at the Sunday Times[18]. Knightley's archive is held at University of the Arts, London archive.[85] The catalogue contains no entries relating to Hal Woolf.

Woodstock Gallery catalogue, 1964[18]

Catalogue no. Name Date Lent by Notes
1 Black Thursday c1920 Mrs Grayce Mitchell-Bush
2 Window at Oak Cottage c1929 Mr & Mrs Ivor Brown Editor of The Observer
3 Café, Place du Terte, Paris c1926 Miss Teresa Johnstone-Saint
4 Rue Beauborg, Paris Miss Adrienne Spanier Watercolour
5 White Bird c1947 Gouache
6 Olive Trees in Ibiza 1936
7 Self portrait c1947 M. Gaston Berlemont Proprietor of The York Minster
8 The Canal from Delamere Terrace 1951
9 Spring in Corfu 1938
10 Street in Cordoba 1936
11 Delamere Terrace 1951 Lady Audrey Lawrence
12 Porchester Square 1956
13 Delamere Terrace after demolition 1950
14 La Table Vide, Barbizon 1939
15 Portrait of a Bavarian Girl 1935
16 David 1947 Gouache
17 Study of Head 1947 Gouache
18 Dublin 1956
19 Demolition
20 Cafe Anne 1938
21 St Tropez Watercolour
22 Fish Gouache
23 Delamere Terrace
24 Portrait of Catherine Morley Mrs Greta Woolf
25 Paris Street c1929 Watercolour
26 Corsican Farm c1927 Mrs Monica Ewer Watercolour
27 Clerkenwell Square 1932 Mrs Mabel Lethbridge Watercolour
28 Portrait of Esther Biss Lt. Col. Amyas Biss
29 Place de l'Odeon Mrs Peter Henderson Watercolour
30 Boat building in Ibiza Mrs Ursula Blake
31 Hotel du Midi Mrs Nancy Aarons Watercolour
32 Corsica 1927 Mr & Mrs Harry Marks Watercolour
33 Farmyard 1925
34 Regents Park 1925 Mrs Stanley Spurling
35 Billiards Mrs M Tudor-Godwin of New York
36 Romance James Proudfoot Esq Watercolour
37 Madonna Group Capt. E M Gillan
38 Plaza in Palma, Mallorca 1935
39 Cagnes-sur-mer 1936
40 Polensa, Mallorca 1935
41 Palma 1935
42 Cornice d'Or
43 Finchley Road 1931
44 Cacti Mr & Mrs Michael Hankinson
45 Portrait of Francine
46 Portrait of Josephine Mrs Francis Winham
47 Portrait of the first Mrs A R Thomas
48 The Curator of Antiquities, British Museum 1929 Mr W M Nathan
49 Bakehouse in Mallorca Mrs Peggy Dowdall
50 Pimlico Mr Finbar Gibbings
51 Portrait of Peter Mr Peter Bennett
52 Cordoba
53 Place St Michel
54 Ibiza
55 Murcia
56 Paris Street 1939 Watercolour
57 Henley Bridge
58 Paris Window
59 Portrait of Charles Couchman
60 Palma Yacht Club Watercolour
61 Chelsea Bridge Watercolour
62 Promenade Watercolour
63 London Street Watercolour
64 Brighton Pier Watercolour
65 Bridge
66 Woman's Head Charcoal drawing
67 Study of building thru' trees
68 Peasant in Corfu
69 Paris river
70 Ivinghoe
71 Street in Palma
72 Village 1935
73 Street in Corfu
74 Country House and gardens
75 Farmyard study
76 House on hillock, Corfu Mr G C Horn
77 Man and girl on verandah
78 Defence de bagner 1946 Watercolour
79 Lambeth 1938 Watercolour
80 Paris 1925 Mr Jose Bentwich of Jerusalem Watercolour
Eleven miscellaneous sketches in portfolio

References

  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1939 Register, The National Archives, RG101/0478H/016/19 Letter Code: ASDC, schedule 223 sub no 1
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p7
  3. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964). p8-9
  4. ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 Ibid. Ingrams (1971), p14
  5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964). p 34
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p3
  7. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964). p1
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964). p33-34
  9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 9.2 The National Archives of the UK (TNA); Kew, Surrey, England; Census Returns of England and Wales, 1911
  10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 UK National Archives, 1939 Register, Ref: RG101/2597A/012/20 Letter Code: EMJV
  11. ↑ Will of Michael Yeatman Woolf, Probate Lewes, 23 July 1941
  12. ↑ Will of Rose Woolf, Probate Llandudno, 26 February 1941
  13. ↑ General Register Office; United Kingdom; 1918, Volume: 1a; Page: 1381
  14. ↑ 14.0 14.1 14.2 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.7 14.8 UK National Archives, MEPO/2/10522
  15. ↑ 15.0 15.1 15.2 15.3 15.4 Buckman, David (2006). Artists in Britain since 1945, Vol 2, M to Z. Paul Mellon Centre: Art Dictionaries Ltd. pp. 74–75. ISBN 9780953260959.
  16. ↑ "Autumn Exhibition. Mr Hal Woolf". Yorkshire Post & Leeds Intelligencer. 26 September 1929. p. 8.
  17. ↑ "Art Exhibitions - Mr Hal Woolf". The Times. 21 September 1929. p. 8.
  18. ↑ 18.0 18.1 18.2 18.3 18.4 18.5 18.6 18.7 18.8 Paul Mellon Centre, London. Brian Sewell Archive, BS 2/3/2
  19. ↑ Hughes, Lisa (23 August 1963). "Letters page". The Spectator: 18.
  20. ↑ Moyse, Arthur (18 January 1964). "Freedom, The Anarchist Weekly, Vol 25 No. 2, page 2" (PDF). Freedom News.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  21. ↑ 21.0 21.1 London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Electoral Registers, 1956, p10
  22. ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 22.4 22.5 22.6 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964).p5
  23. ↑ 23.0 23.1 "Husband Divorced". Uxbridge & W. Drayton Gazette. 15 October 1937. p. 4.
  24. ↑ London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Electoral Registers, 1946, p173
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 The Quarterly Army List. London: HMSO. April 1945. p. 1117.
  26. ↑ Trevellyan, Julian (1957). Indigo Days. British Library: MacGibbon & Kee. pp. 166–167.
  27. ↑ 27.0 27.1 "Bought Indian Hemp in Pub". Chelsea News and General Advertiser. 1 March 1946. p. 3.
  28. ↑ 28.0 28.1 28.2 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p4
  29. ↑ 29.0 29.1 29.2 UK National Archives, HS9/1620/9
  30. ↑ 30.0 30.1 30.2 30.3 30.4 30.5 Ibid. (Ingrams), 1971. p 85
  31. ↑ "Smoked Indian hemp - 'Stimulus to art'". Marylebone Mercury. 31 January 1948. p. 3.
  32. ↑ Davenport, Richard (2013). An English Affair. London: Harper Collins. p. 284. ISBN 9780007435845.
  33. ↑ 33.0 33.1 Feaver, William (2019). The Lives of Lucian Freud - Youth. London: Bloomsbury. p. 267. ISBN 9781408850930.
  34. ↑ Will of Herman Henry Yeatman Woolf, probate London 29 October 1963.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 UK National Archives, 1939 Register, RG101/2164H/009/3 Letter Code:DWRI, Schedule 113, sub schedule 1
  36. ↑ 36.0 36.1 Will of Mamie Clara Woolf. Probate Winchester 22 August 1963.
  37. ↑ UK National Archives, J77/3723
  38. ↑ Deaths, General Register Office; United Kingdom; April 1929, Volume 1a, page 641
  39. ↑ Births, General Register Office; United Kingdom; April 1929; Volume 1a, page 774
  40. ↑ Will of Clara Louisa Hurman, Probate Winchester 22/October/1963
  41. ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Marriage certificate, General Register Office; United Kingdom; 1939, Volume: 1b; Page: 262
  42. ↑ 42.0 42.1 42.2 Death certificate, General Register Office; United Kingdom; 2011, Entry number 505532851
  43. ↑ London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Electoral Registers, Chelsea, LCC/PER/B/2139, p202
  44. ↑ BT Archives; London, England; British Phone Books 1880-1984: 1939, London, page 2800
  45. ↑ Potter, John Deane (1963). "Silence and secrecy shroud the lonely death of an artist". News of the World.
  46. ↑ The National Archives; Kew, Surrey, England; BT27 Board of Trade: Commercial and Statistical Department and Successors: Outwards Passenger Lists; Reference Number: Series BT27-1612, Colombie
  47. ↑ London Metropolitan Archives; London, England; Electoral Registers, 1949, Chelsea & Brompton Ward, Kensington, p8
  48. ↑ "Theatre's Workshop". The Sphere. 8 November 1958. p. 226.
  49. ↑ "Plea for New Woolf Probe". Daily Mirror. 5 October 1963. p. 2.
  50. ↑ BT Archives; London, England; British Phone Books 1880-1984; 1971 Exchange 01-359, page 616.
  51. ↑ 51.0 51.1 51.2 51.3 51.4 51.5 UK National Archives, MEPO/2/10523.
  52. ↑ 52.0 52.1 UK National Archives, HO/287/864.
  53. ↑ 53.0 53.1 UK National Archives, HO/287/563.
  54. ↑ 54.0 54.1 UK National Archives, HO/287/564.
  55. ↑ 55.0 55.1 55.2 UK National Archives, HO/287/565.
  56. ↑ 56.0 56.1 56.2 56.3 56.4 UK National Archives, HO/287/566.
  57. ↑ 57.0 57.1 57.2 UK National Archives, HO/287/567.
  58. ↑ 58.0 58.1 UK National Archives, HO/287/568.
  59. ↑ 59.0 59.1 UK National Archives, PREM/11/5000.
  60. ↑ 60.0 60.1 Skelhorn, Norman (1964). Report on Inquiry into the Action of the Metropolitan Police in relation to the Case of Mr. Herman Woolf. London: HMSO.
  61. ↑ 61.0 61.1 61.2 61.3 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p 10.
  62. ↑ Chelsea News and General Advertiser, 2 January 1962, page 3
  63. ↑ 63.0 63.1 63.2 63.3 63.4 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964) p6
  64. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p12
  65. ↑ UK National Archives, HO/287,564
  66. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p21
  67. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p26-31
  68. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p13
  69. ↑ 69.0 69.1 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p6-7
  70. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p24
  71. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p20
  72. ↑ Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p24-31
  73. ↑ 73.0 73.1 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p13-14
  74. ↑ 74.0 74.1 74.2 74.3 Ibid. Skelhorn (1964), p29
  75. ↑ City of Westminster Archives Centre; London, England; Westminster Cemetery Registers; Reference: CR/2/2/24
  76. ↑ 76.0 76.1 "Come to lovely London and find out HOW TO BECOME DEAD without anyone knowing how". Private Eye (43). 9 August 1963.
  77. ↑ 77.0 77.1 Ingrams, Richard (1971). The Life and Times of Private Eye 1961-1971. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 0140033572.
  78. ↑ "Inquiry into case of Mr. Woolf". The Times. 13 August 1963. p. 5.
  79. ↑ "Police Apology for "Failure"". The Times. 13 August 1963. p. 5.
  80. ↑ "New Inquest Refused". The Times. 14 November 1963. p. 5.
  81. ↑ "UK Parliament - Hansard". UK Parliament - Hansard. 3 November 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  82. ↑ "Lobster 16" (PDF). Retrieved 14 January 2022.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  83. ↑ "Woolf Not Maltreated at Police Stations". The Times. 26 March 1964. p. 9.
  84. ↑ Skelhorn, Norman (1981). Public Prosecutor. British Library: Harrap. p. 46. ISBN 0245537635.
  85. ↑ "University of the Arts Archive, Philip Knightley collection". University of the Arts archive catalogue.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)

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