Vijay Kuchroo

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Vijay Kuchroo
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Born
Baramulla, Jammu and Kashmir (state)
NationalityIndian - American
CitizenshipUnited States of America
Alma mater
  • Haryana Agricultural University
  • University of Queensland
  • National Institutes of Health, Bethesda
  • Harvard Medical School
OccupationImmunologist, Entrepreneur
Years active1992-present

Vijay Kuchroo is an Indian-American immunologist and serial entrepreneur.[1][2][3][4] He is the Samuel L. Wasserstrom chair of Neurology at Harvard Medical School, and Brigham and Women's Hospital. Kuchroo is also the director of the Evergrande Center for Immunologic Diseases at Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital in Boston, Massachusetts.

Kuchroo specializes in autoimmunity, neuroscience, and cancer immunotherapy. He is best known for discovering the co-inhibitory molecule TIM-3, the TIM family of genes, and the subset of immune cells called Th17 cells. He is the member of the Broad Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and senior scientist at the Brigham and Women's Hospital.

Career

In 2004, Dr. Kuchroo was promoted to Professor of Neurology at Harvard Medical School and senior scientist at Brigham and Women's Hospital. In 2005, Kuchroo was awarded an endowed personal chair from Biogen.[5]He served as Co-Director for the Center for Infection and Immunity at the Brigham Research Institutes and Brigham and Women's Hospital. In 2014, Dr. Kuchroo founded the Evergrande Center[6] for Immunologic Diseases and currently serves as its founding Director. Evergrande Center is a joint center between Harvard Medical School and Brigham and Women's Hospital, dedicated to studying the molecular and genetic basis of tissue inflammation in multiple human diseases, including cancer and autoimmune diseases.[7]

Kuchroo raised funding from external sources to start a teaching course in India called Winter School in Immunology in India.[8]

Kuchroo serves or has served on the editorial boards of several peer-reviewed scientific journal, including Journal of Experimental Medicine, Journal of Immunology, Journal of Neuroimmunology, International Immunology, Cellular Immunology, Scandinavian Journal of Immunology, and Autoimmunity. He also serves or has served on the scientific review boards for Howard Hughes Medical Institute, National Multiple Sclerosis Society, Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, and NIH Panel of Elite Reviewers. Dr. Kuchroo is also on the board of directors and scientific advisory boards of multiple biotech and pharmaceutical companies.[9]

Research

Kuchroo initial contribution to the field began with using genetic approaches of transgenesis to generate mouse models for human disease Multiple Sclerosis,[10] a key tool for MS research the world over. He then discovered a novel, cell-surface molecule on T cells called TIM-3, a co-inhibitory molecule, along with the rest of the TIM family of genes. He was the first to characterize the inhibitory function of TIM-3 and its role in inhibiting T cell responses in both autoimmunity and cancer. Similar to other checkpoint inhibitors such as PD-1 and CTLA-4, TIM-3 has been successfully targeted to treat several solid and hematogenous malignancies, including melanoma, AML, and MDS.[11][12][13]

Kuchroo was instrumental in shepherding anti-Tim-3 antibody from discovery through to clinic by working with a number of biotech and drug companies to its ultimate use by Novartis for treatment in cancer.[14]

Kuchroo's most critical contribution to the field has come from his discovery of a novel IL-17 cytokine-producing T cell subset, Th17 cells.[15] His was the first group to report the identity of this subset in 2005, together with other investigators in the field, followed by identification of pathways for their differentiation in 2006.[16][17] The Kuchroo lab conducted extensive studies characterizing their role in autoimmune disease pathogenesis, and together with Aviv Regev[18][19] at the Broad Institute, built the regulatory network for the development. Dr. Kuchroo was instrumental in promoting clinical trials of IL-17-blockade for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. He was also the first to identify a link between high salt and generation of Th17 cells, suggesting a role of high salt diets in triggering autoimmune diseases, which has now been confirmed by multiple epidemiologic studies.[20][21]

Kuchroo has published over 400 peer-reviewed, original articles, and one of his papers is one of the highest-cited papers in the field of Immunology.[22] Many of his groundbreaking discoveries - most notably TIM-3 and Th17 cells - have developed into therapies for patients, with several active clinical trials based on his research and 6 pharmaceutical companies founded, based on his discoveries.[23][24][25][26]

Awards

  • 2020 - ICIS BioLegend William E. Paul Award from International cytokine society (Seattle, Washington) [27]
  • 2018 - Dr. William E. Paul Distinguished Innovator Award, Lupus Research Alliance (New York, New York) [28]
  • 2017 - Nobel Assembly Lecture at Karolinska Institute[29]
  • 2014 - Ranbaxy Prize for Medical Research (New Delhi, India)
  • 2014 - Nobel Laureate Peter Doherty Lecture / Prize St. Jude's Hospital (Memphis, Tennessee)
  • 2002-2009 - The Javits Neuroscience Investigator Award, National Institutes of Health (Bethesda, Maryland)
  • 1988-1990 - Charles A. King Trust Award, The Medical Foundation (Boston, Massachusetts)
  • 1985 - Fogarty International Fellow, National Institutes of Health
  • 1984-1985 - Fred Z. Eager Research Prize, University of Queensland

References

  1. ↑ "anaandersonlab". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  2. ↑ "Estelle Bettelli, PhD". Benaroya Research Institute. 22 September 2009. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  3. ↑ "kornlab med". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  4. ↑ "Overview". www.medizin.uni-muenster.de. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  5. ↑ "Principal Investigator – Kuchroo Laboratory". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  6. ↑ "Harvard announces Evergrande support of three initiatives". Harvard Gazette. 2 December 2013. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  7. ↑ "About". evergrande.hms.harvard.edu. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  8. ↑ "5th Winter School of Immunology, 2012". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  9. ↑ "biocon" (PDF). Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  10. ↑ "pubmed". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  11. ↑ Borate, Uma; Esteve, Jordi; Porkka, Kimmo; Knapper, Steve; Vey, Norbert; Scholl, Sebastian; Garcia-Manero, Guillermo; Wermke, Martin; Janssen, Jeroen; Traer, Elie; Chua, Chong Chyn; Narayan, Rupa; Tovar, Natalia; Kontro, Mika; Ottmann, Oliver; Sun, Haiying; Longmire, Tyler; Szpakowski, Sebastian; Liao, Serena; Patel, Anuradha; Rinne, Mikael L.; Brunner, Andrew; Wei, Andrew H. (13 November 2019). "Phase Ib Study of the Anti-TIM-3 Antibody MBG453 in Combination with Decitabine in Patients with High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)". Blood. 134: 570. doi:10.1182/blood-2019-128178. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  12. ↑ Qin, Shuang; Xu, Linping; Yi, Ming; Yu, Shengnan; Wu, Kongming; Luo, Suxia (6 November 2019). "Novel immune checkpoint targets: moving beyond PD-1 and CTLA-4". Molecular Cancer. 18 (1): 155. doi:10.1186/s12943-019-1091-2. PMC 6833286. PMID 31690319. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  13. ↑ Das, Madhumita; Zhu, Chen; Kuchroo, Vijay K. (2017). "Tim-3 and its role in regulating anti-tumor immunity". Immunological Reviews. 276 (1): 97–111. doi:10.1111/imr.12520. PMC 5512889. PMID 28258697.
  14. ↑ Borate, Uma; Esteve, Jordi; Porkka, Kimmo; Knapper, Steve; Vey, Norbert; Scholl, Sebastian; Garcia-Manero, Guillermo; Wermke, Martin; Janssen, Jeroen; Traer, Elie; Chua, Chong Chyn; Narayan, Rupa; Tovar, Natalia; Kontro, Mika; Ottmann, Oliver; Sun, Haiying; Longmire, Tyler; Szpakowski, Sebastian; Liao, Serena; Patel, Anuradha; Rinne, Mikael L.; Brunner, Andrew; Wei, Andrew H. (13 November 2019). "Phase Ib Study of the Anti-TIM-3 Antibody MBG453 in Combination with Decitabine in Patients with High-Risk Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML)". Blood. 134: 570. doi:10.1182/blood-2019-128178. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  15. ↑ Bettelli, Estelle; Kuchroo, Vijay K. (17 January 2005). "IL-12- and IL-23-induced T helper cell subsets: birds of the same feather flock together". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 201 (2): 169–171. doi:10.1084/jem.20042279. PMC 2212800. PMID 15657286. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  16. ↑ Langrish, Claire L.; Chen, Yi; Blumenschein, Wendy M.; Mattson, Jeanine; Basham, Beth; Sedgwick, Jonathan D.; McClanahan, Terrill; Kastelein, Robert A.; Cua, Daniel J. (17 January 2005). "IL-23 drives a pathogenic T cell population that induces autoimmune inflammation". The Journal of Experimental Medicine. 201 (2): 233–240. doi:10.1084/jem.20041257. PMC 2212798. PMID 15657292. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  17. ↑ Park, Heon; Li, Zhaoxia; Yang, Xuexian O.; Chang, Seon Hee; Nurieva, Roza; Wang, Yi-Hong; Wang, Ying; Hood, Leroy; Zhu, Zhou; Tian, Qiang; Dong, Chen (November 2005). "A distinct lineage of CD4 T cells regulates tissue inflammation by producing interleukin 17". Nature Immunology. 6 (11): 1133–1141. doi:10.1038/ni1261. PMC 1618871. PMID 16200068. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  18. ↑ Yosef, Nir; Shalek, Alex K.; Gaublomme, Jellert T.; Jin, Hulin; Lee, Youjin; Awasthi, Amit; Wu, Chuan; Karwacz, Katarzyna; Xiao, Sheng; Jorgolli, Marsela; Gennert, David; Satija, Rahul; Shakya, Arvind; Lu, Diana Y.; Trombetta, John J.; Pillai, Meenu R.; Ratcliffe, Peter J.; Coleman, Mathew L.; Bix, Mark; Tantin, Dean; Park, Hongkun; Kuchroo, Vijay K.; Regev, Aviv (25 April 2013). "Dynamic regulatory network controlling TH17 cell differentiation". Nature. 496 (7446): 461–468. Bibcode:2013Natur.496..461Y. doi:10.1038/nature11981. PMC 3637864. PMID 23467089. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  19. ↑ Patel, Dhavalkumar D.; Kuchroo, Vijay K. (15 December 2015). "Th17 Cell Pathway in Human Immunity: Lessons from Genetics and Therapeutic Interventions". Immunity. 43 (6): 1040–1051. doi:10.1016/j.immuni.2015.12.003. PMID 26682981. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  20. ↑ Wu, Chuan; Yosef, Nir; Thalhamer, Theresa; Zhu, Chen; Xiao, Sheng; Kishi, Yasuhiro; Regev, Aviv; Kuchroo, Vijay K. (25 April 2013). "Induction of pathogenic TH17 cells by inducible salt-sensing kinase SGK1". Nature. 496 (7446): 513–517. Bibcode:2013Natur.496..513W. doi:10.1038/nature11984. PMC 3637879. PMID 23467085. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  21. ↑ Sigaux, Johanna; Semerano, Luca; Favre, Guillaume; Bessis, Natacha; Boissier, Marie-Christophe (2013-05-12). "Salt, inflammatory joint disease, and autoimmunity". Joint Bone Spine. 85 (4): 411–416. doi:10.1016/j.jbspin.2017.06.003. PMID 28652101. Retrieved 2021-01-28.
  22. ↑ "Google Scholar". scholar.google.com. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  23. ↑ "gsk" (PDF). Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  24. ↑ "Leadership | Board or Directors | Investors | Tizona Therapeutics". www.tizonatx.com. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  25. ↑ "potenzatherapeutics". Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  26. ↑ "bizjournals". www.bizjournals.com. Retrieved 28 January 2021.
  27. ↑ https://scienmag.com/gaffen-and-kuchroo-jointly-recognized-for-2020-icis-biolegend-william-e-paul-award/
  28. ↑ https://www.lupusresearch.org/2018-distinguished-innovator-awardees-named-lupus-research-alliance/
  29. ↑ https://nobelprizemedicine.org/kuchroo/

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