Siak Minangkabau
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Siak Minangkabau , alternatively Siak–Pekanbaru Minangkabau, or also commonly known by its paralogia identification as Siak Malay is an Eastern Minangkabau language variety,[1] spoken in the Sumatran region of Riau, specifically in the regencies of Siak and Pekanbaru.[1]
Classification
Based on the results of linguistic analysis studies and its historical trace, it is known that these language variety is actually a form of 'Arabized' Minangkabau once spoken in the Minangkabau (West Sumatra) region but then the population migrated to eastern Minangkabau and settled in the regions known in modern-day as Siak and Pekanbaru, these language variety still bears 62% to 75% lexical similarity with its ancestor Minangkabau language,[1] meanwhile the rest are heavily influenced by Arabic.
History
According to the historical sequence, these language variety is not part of so-called 'Malay', it is actually a dialect of Minangkabau language (part of larger Eastern Minangkabau to be specific). In classical era, the development of these language variety could not be separated from the history of the Siak Sri Indrapura Sultanate, which most of the sultanate aristocrats had Minangkabau-ancestry.[2] It is also very clear in the dignitaries of the that the of the sultanate are direct descendants of Minangkabau who migrated to the Siak region.[2][3]
Minangkabau to Eastern Sumatra
In the 1760s, Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah who was the 4th Sultan of Siak Sri Indrapura proposed an idea to control the trade route alongside the Siak River by deploying reinforcements from Limo Puluah (the birth place of Sultan Abdul Jalil Alamuddin Syah in western Sumatra) to Senapelan area (district in present-day Pekanbaru) to weaken the influence of the Dutch colonial who dominated the trade in the region.[2] Furthermore, after building agreement with the indigenous residents of the Senapelan area (at that time it was dominated by the Bonai ethnic group) and everything was prepared, the sultan then brought along all the royal apparatus and moved to Senapelan.[3]
Senapelan became Pekanbaru
Senapelan, a vital region alongside the Siak River, which was an intersection of trade traffic, getting busier after becoming the capital of the Siak Sultanate. During its development, even the sultan initially asked the Minangkabau people for the developmemt of sultanate, however he betrayed the services of the Minangkabau and built a grand bazaar to reduce the role of Petapahan which is an area for business for merchants from the Minangkabau land.[3]
Furthermore, the king opened transportation routes connecting with countries (now provinces) producing pepper, resin, wood, gambier and rattan (imported from Java). The increasingly advanced economy in Senapelan has cut trade routes downstream of the Siak River. As a result, Mempura became deserted and the Dutch (as well as Minangkabau) were at a disadvantage. Due to those historical events, the Senapelan area was later renamed as Pekanbaru , and the name still preserved to this day.[3]
Conclusions and criticisms
The historical sequence is the biggest factor why the languages spoken in Siak and Pekanbaru (and to greater extent also including Kampar, Rokan Hilir, and so on) have strong Minangkabau linguistic elements that are very clear and obvious. For the Minangkabau ethnic community, these language variaty is still considered part of the Minangkabau language, but for the Malay community, these language variety claimed as 'Malay' (usually associated as part of Riau Malay) due to the 'Malay egocentrism' which is quite prevalent in the Malay society.[3]
Sample text
Swadesh list
| Minangkabauic | Translation | |
|---|---|---|
| Standard Minangkabau | Siak–Pekanbaru Minangkabau | |
| Ambo; Awak | Sayo; Awok | I; me; myself |
| Ang; Hang; Ko | Miko | you; yourself |
| Inyo | Dio | he/she |
| Kito | Kito | we (inclusive) |
| Indak | Tak | no |
| Sado | Semuo | all; entire |
| Saketek | Siket | a little (amount) |
| Ciek | Satu | one |
| Ampek | Ampat | four |
| Tujuah | Tujoh | seven |
| Gadang; Basa | Bosa | huge; big |
| Ketek | Kocik | small (size) |
| Urang | Orang | person (singular); people (plural) |
| Anak | Budak | children |
| Iduik | Hidop | live |
| Aia | Aio | water |
| Bana | Batua | correct; right; true |
| Rancak | Lawo | beautiful |
| Sarupojo | Macam | like (resemblance) |
| Makuo; Maiuo | Makwo | aunt (older) |
| Namuah | Nok | want |
| Pai | Poi | go (present); went (past) |
| Pasa | Pokan | market; bazaar |
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
The following texts are excerpts from the official translations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in Standard Minangkabau and Siak–Pekanbaru Minangkabau, along with the original declaration in English.
| Standard English[4] | Standard Minangkabau | Siak–Pekanbaru Minangkabau |
|---|---|---|
| Universal Declaration of Human Rights | Panyato Umum Hak-hak Urang | Istihar Am Hak-Hak Insani |
| Article 1 | Pasal Ciek | Perkaro Satu |
| All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. | Kasado urang lahia mardeka jo punyo arago diri jo hak-hak nan sataro. Mareka dibari aka jo kasiah jo musitinyo bagaua bakeh sasamonyo dalam sumangaik sudara | Semuo insan lair merdeko dan punyo argo diri dan hak-hak nan samo rato. Mereko mabruk akal dan nurani dan mestinyo bergaul kepado sesamonyo dalam hamas seikhwan. |
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Rahma, Siti (2019). "Kekerabatan Antara Bahasa Melayu Siak dengan Bahasa Minangkabau: Analisis Leksikostatistik" [The Relationship Between Siak Malay and Minangkabau: Lexicostatistical Analysis] (in Bahasa Indonesia).
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 van Anrooij, H. A. Hijmans (1885). Nota omtrent het rijk van Siak [Notes about the empire of Siak] (in Nederlands).
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 Hikayat Siak [Siak Chronicle].
- ↑ "OHCHR -". www.ohchr.org. Archived from the original on 30 August 2016. Retrieved 16 August 2016.
External links
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