Sebastián Izquierdo
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Sebastián Izquierdo | |
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| Born | January 29, 1601 Alcaraz, Kingdom of Spain |
| Died | February 20, 1681 (aged 80) Rome, Papal States |
| Nationality | Spanish |
| Education | Colegio Imperial de Madrid |
Notable work | Pharus scientiarum |
| Era | 17th-century philosophy |
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Main interests | Metaphysics, philosophy of science, combinatorics |
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| Religion | Christianity |
| Church | Catholic Church |
| Ordained | 17 November 1623 |
Sebastián Izquierdo (29 January 1601 – 20 February 1681) was a Spanish philosopher and Jesuit.
Biography
Sebastián Izquierdo was born in 1601 at Alcaraz, in the Castilian province of Albacete.[1] He joined the Jesuits on November 17, 1623 and studied at the Jesuit college in Alcalá de Henares and the prestigious Colegio Imperial de Madrid. He taught Philosophy and Theology at Alcalá, Murcia and Madrid. He became Rector of the colleges of Murcia and Madrid and was present at the eleventh General Congregation of the Society of Jesus at Rome, at which time he was named Assistant of Spain and the West Indies. In Rome he befriended among others the well-known German polymath Athanasius Kircher. In 1659, he published in Lyon his monumental philosophical work Pharus scientiarum (The Lighthouse of Sciences). He died at Rome on 20 February 1681.
Philosophy
Although Izquierdo is virtually forgotten nowadays, he was an important figure 17th-century philosophy. Izquierdo was a follower of the Spanish medieval philosopher Ramon Llull.[2] He was also strongly influenced by Bacon's empiricism.[2] In his Pharus scientiarum he emphasized the need for a universal science that could be valid for all human knowledge (scientia de scientia or arte general del saber).[2] It would be akin to the manner in which the Lullian Ars Magna was applicable to the entire ladder of creation. At the same time, Izquierdo advocated mathematizing the ars lulliana, and in the course of his exposition illustrates how Llull's letter combinations could be replaced by number combinations.[3] The German Jesuit Athanasius Kircher, inflenced by the Pharus scientiarum, wrote his immense Ars magna sciendi an attempt to make the Lullian Ars a "science of science" suitable for the preparation of an encyclopedia of all human knowledge.[4]
Historians of mathematics remember Izquierdo especially in connection with combinatorics, to which he devoted Disputation 29 (De Combinatione). He was the frst to discuss the number of k-combinations from a given set of n elements.[5] Izquierdo influenced several contemporary philosophers, such as the Spanish Juan Caramuel and Tomás Vicente Tosca and the German Gaspar Knittel and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; the latter, in particular, quoted the Disputatio de Combinatione, in his De Arte Combinatoria (1666).[6] The Disputatio 29 «De Combinatione», was rescued from oblivion and studied in depth by the Jesuit historian of philosophy Ramón Ceñal, who not only translated it from Latin but also carried out an exhaustive study of it published by the Instituto de España.[7]
Works
A prolific author, Izquierdo wrote philosophical, theological and ascetic works.
- Theses de Immaculata Conceptione (1658).
- Pharus scientiarum, 2 vols., Lyon, 1659.
- Opus Theologicum, Rome 1664 Tom. I. 1670 Tom. II.
- Practica de los Exercicios Espirituales de Nuestro Padre San Ignacio. En Roma 1665 1675.
- Considerationes de los quatro Novissimos del Hombre, Muerte, Guizio, Inferno, y Gloria, Rome, 1672.
- Medios necessarios para la Salvación. Rome, 1674.
Bibliography
On the ideas of Izquierdo, see:
- Carreras y Artau, Joaquín (1939). Historia de la filosofía española: filosofía cristiana de los siglos XIII al XV. Vol. II. Madrid: Real academia de ciencias exactas, físicas y naturales. pp. 305–309.
- Rossi, Paolo (1960). Clavis Universalis. Arti Mnemoniche e Logica combinatoria da Lullo a Leibniz. Milan and Naples: Ricciardi e Associati.
- Fuertes Herreros, José Luis (1981). La lógica como fundamentación del arte general del saber en Sebastián Izquierdo. Estudio del "Pharus scientiarum" (1659). Salamanca: Universidad de Salamanca, Instituto de Estudios Albacetenses. ISBN 84-7481-185-6.
- Vasoli, Cesare (1988). "I gesuiti e l'enciclopedismo seicentesco". Les jésuites parmi les bommes aux XVIe et XVIIle siècles. Clermont-Ferrand: 491–507.
- Ortiz de Landázuri, Carlos (2013). "La lógica barroca de Sebastián Izquierdo. A propósito de la doble cuantificación de la proposición". El Barroco Iberoamericano y la Modernidad: actas del VI Simposio internacional del Instituto de Pensamiento Iberoamericano. Salamanca, 12-14 de septiembre de 2012: 189–195. ISBN 978-84-7299-983-1.
- Embry, Brian (2013). "Sebastián Izquierdo's (1601–1681) Theory of Priority". Journal of the American Philosophical Association. 4 (4): 491–509. doi:10.1017/apa.2018.37.
For an extended study of Izquierdo's combinatory analysis and its influence, see:
- Ceñal, Ramón (1942). "El Padre Sebastián Izquierdo y su Pharus Scientiarum". Revista de Filosofía. 1: 127–154.
- Adán Oliver, Miguel (2015). "Sebastián Izquierdo, Matemático Barroco" (PDF). El Quijote Dilatado. Ciudad Real: Ediciones Sta.Mª de Alarcos: 11–36.
References
- ↑ Carreras y Artau 1939, p. 305.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Yates, Frances A. (2013). Art Of Memory. Routledge. p. 379. ISBN 9781136353611.
- ↑ Rossi 1960, pp. 194-195.
- ↑ Rossi 1960, p. 196.
- ↑ Cf. Knuth, Donald Ervin (2006). The Art of Computer Programming, Volume 4, Fascicle 4: Generating All Trees: History of Combinatorial Generation. Boston: Addison-Wesley Professional. pp. 60–61.
- ↑ Fuertes Herreros 1981, pp. 270-271.
- ↑ Ceñal, Ramón (1974). La combinatoria de Sebastián Izquierdo. Madrid: Instituto de España.
External links
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