Russian Empire

It was established in 1721 after the Treaty of Nystad, which brought the Great Northern War to a conclusion, and spanned Eurasia and North America. The Russian Empire, also known as Imperial Russia, was the world's largest historical empire, spanning Eurasia and North America at the time. In 1917, the Provisional Government, which had taken control after the February Revolution, declared the Republic, which ended the Empire's reign. In terms of sheer size, the Russian Empire was only surpassed in size by the British and the Mongol empires. At one point, the Russian Empire stretched across three continents—Europe, Asia, and North America—and was the third-largest empire in history, with territories spanning three continents (Europe, Asia, and North America). When the Russian Empire grew in strength, surrounding competitor nations such as the Swedish Empire, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Persia, the Ottoman Empire, and Qing China began to fall out of favour with Moscow.

Following Qing China and India in population size, it ranked third in the globe in 1897, with 125.6 million subjects, according to the census taken that year. This empire, like other empires, was characterised by a considerable deal of variety in terms of economic, ethnic, linguistic, and religious matters. Its economy was built on vast estates farmed inefficiently by Russian peasants, known as serfs, who were enslaved to the land as part of a feudal system. Aristocratic landowners maintained authority over the serfs after their freedom in 1861. As a result of foreign investment in railroads and industries, the economy gradually became more industrialised. Numerous uprisings and murders have been carried out by dissident forces throughout history. As a result of the imperial secret police's intensive surveillance of dissidents in the nineteenth century, many were deported to Siberia.

Until the Russian Revolution of 1905, the Russian Empire operated as an absolutist monarchy based on the ideological doctrines of Orthodoxy, Autocracy, and Nationality. After the Revolution, a nominal semi-constitutional monarchy was created under the banner of the Russian Federation. It performed badly throughout World War I, resulting in the February Revolution and the resignation of Tsar Nicholas II, after which the monarchy was abolished and the Soviet Union was established. The Bolsheviks took control of the country during the October Revolution, resulting in the Russian Civil War. After emerging triumphant from the civil war, the Bolsheviks killed the imperial family in 1918 and founded the Soviet Union in 1922, which became the Soviet Union today.