Qazi Fazl-i-Haque

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Khan Sahib

Qazi Fazl-i-Haque (Professor)
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BornAugust 1887
Hajiwala village, Tehsil and District District Gujrat British India
(present Pakistan)
Died1939
Lahore, Pakistan
Resting placeHajiwala village, Tehsil and District District Gujrat
NationalityPakistani
CitizenshipPakistan
Occupation
  • Professor
  • Author
  • Researcher
  • Critic
  • Historian
  • Educationalist
  • Scholar of oriental languages
Spouse(s)Begum Sultana Bahatawar
ChildrenAziza Fatima (daughter) Zubaida Fatima (daughter) Aziz-ul-Haque Masud (son) Bazl-i-Haque Mahmud (son)
Parent(s)Qazi Mohammad Deen (Father)

Khan Sahib Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque (1887 – 1939) was a distinguished professor, author, researcher, critic, historian, educationalist and scholar of oriental languages. Serving as a member of Indian Education Service (P.E.S.), he contributed significantly for the promotion of the education of oriental languages, in Indian subcontinent. He was a professor of Persian, Urdu, and Arabic languages and literature, and the first regular head of Persian department [1], in Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore, from 1914 to 1939. In this period, he also, simultaneously, served as a fellow and member of Oriental and Arts Faculties in University of the Punjab|Punjab University, Lahore [2]. In addition to University of the Punjab|Punjab University Oriental College, Lahore, he also served several other universities of Indian subcontinent|India-Pakistan subcontinent, in different educational capacities [3]. He made significant contributions to the history of oriental literature. He introduced obscured poets and their works contributing to the research and criticism of the literature of Persian, Urdu and Punjabi language|Punjabi languages [4]. He wrote several scholarly and research books on the literature of Persian, Urdu and Punjabi language|Punjabi languages [5].

The Early Life and Background

Khan Sahib Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was born in August 1887 [6], in village Hajiwala, district Gujrat District|Gujrat (Punjab) in the family of scholars. His father’s name was Qazi Mohammad Deen. He received preliminary education from his elders in Hajiwala and neighboring villages [7] [8] [9] [10]. His father’s name was Qazi Mohammad Deen. He received preliminary education from his elders in Hajiwala, and neighboring villages and completed his high school from district Gujrat District|Gujrat. Afterwards, he came to Lahore and was enrolled in Islamia College, Railway Road, Lahore|Islamia College, Lahore and obtained his Bachelor’s degree, Bachelor of Arts|B.A., from University of the Punjab|Punjab University, Lahore in December, 1909. Then, he received his Master’s degree, Master of Arts|M.A., in Arabic language from University of the Punjab|Punjab University, Lahore, in 1912. He also obtained Munshi Fazil degree in Persian from University of the Punjab|Punjab University, Lahore. He received Macleod Arabic Research Scholarship and went to Aligarh Muslim University|Muhammadan Anglo-Oriental College, Aligarh and conducted research about Arabic language and literature under the supervision of a German professor, Josef Horovitz|Dr. Juseph Horovitz. In this connection he also mastered Hebrew language|Hebrew and Assyrian language|Assyrian languages, and, learnt German language|German and French language|French languages. In July, 1913, he was selected in government’s Indian Education Service|Provincial Educational Service, P.E.S., and was appointed as a lecturer of Arabic, Persian, and Urdu languages, in Rajshahi College (Bengal). In this period, he was also admitted as a member of Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland|Royal Asiatic Society, London and of Asiatic Society of Bengal [11].

Services for Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore

Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was appointed the very first regular full-time lecturer of Persian, in Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore, in December 1914 [12]. He also had the honor of being the first head of Persian department in Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore, and, he served for twenty-five years in this capacity, from 1914 to July 30, 1939, until his demise. During this time, he taught Persian and other oriental languages at Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore, conducted research on the obscured Persian, Urdu and Punjabi language|Punjabi poets and their works, wrote several scholarly and academic books, and was simultaneously involved in several other institutions for the promotion of oriental languages education and literature. Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque in addition to teaching responsibilities also served, in different administrative capacities for Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore. He was the President of both Persian Society and Bazm-e Sukhan. He also supervised the college magazine Ravi. The March-April 1932 issue of the Ravi, was dedicated to him. The Punjabi portion of the Ravi in Persian script, was started due to his efforts. Prior to this, the Punjabi language|Punjabi section used to be only in Gurmukhi script. He also supervised Punjabi language|Punjabi Majlis in [13] [14] [15]. He was also President of Ambulance Club. The Muslim Majlis was started due to his efforts [16].

Services for the University of the Punjab

Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque, was a fellow of University of the Punjab, Lahore, and the members of its different boards of studies and faculties. In addition to Government College University, Lahore imultaneously taught in University of the Punjab, from at least 1919, until his demise. He also used to teach the M.A. Persian classes in University of the Punjab|Punjab University, Lahore. He also served as an examiner of matriculation, intermediate, bachelors, and masters level examinations in University of the Punjab, Lahore. Some of his written books were the official text books at University of the Punjab, Lahore [17]. The annual calendars of the University of the Punjab|University of Punjab, Lahore, that had been published in book format, during that time, show that he was associated with University of the Punjab|Punjab University, Lahore in the following capacities: (i) Member, Oriental Faculty, University of the Punjab, Lahore [18], (ii) Member, Board of Studies (Arabic, Persian, Urdu, and Pashto) [19], (iii) Fellow, University of the Punjab Oriental and Arts Faculties [20], (iv) Member and Convener, Board of Study (Punjabi language) [21], (v) Member, Board of Control for Honors Exam (Persian) [22], (vi) Member, Committee of Control for M.A. (Persian) Exam [23]. In addition, his name is also included in the list of University Professors, Readers, and Lecturers [24], in the annual calendars.

Other Services and Recognitions

Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was appointed by the Governor-General of India to read and interpreted some documents, written in old Persian language, that was to decide the successor of the Maharaja of the Bikaner state. He went to Bikaner, and perform this task gracefully [25]. Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was a member of Punjab Historical Society, Lahore, and presented his research on Punjabi language|Punjabi literature in its sessions [26]. Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was a member of Indian Oriental Conference and took part in its activities [27] [28] [29]. Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was founding member of Idara-e Maaerf-e Islamia, Lahore, and was actively involved in its activities [30] [31] [32] . Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was also associated with Anjuman-i-Himayat-i-Islam|Anjuman-e Hamayat-e Islam and actively took part in its activities [33]. He also remained associated with Punjab Educational Conference, Punjab Muslim Educational Conference, and All India Muhammadan Educational Conference|All India Muslim Educational Conference, and worked for the promotion of education. Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque served as an editor of Urdu Journal Roushni, Lahore. In addition, he served St John Ambulance Society in Punjab.

The central government of British India announced the title of Khan Sahib for Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque on January 1, 1933, based on his scholarly, literary, and educational services. The Lahore Municipal Committee named the street, behind Government College University, Lahore, Lahore, where his house was located, on his name, as Haque Street.

Services for Punjabi language

Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was a pioneer local researcher, historian, critic, and scholar of [Punjabi language and literature. He, for the first time, introduced the Punjabi tale Chatthiyan Di Vaar, in a session of Punjab Historical Society, Lahore, in 1916 [34], and published it, in 1925 [35]. He introduced several obscured poets of Punjabi literature and their works for the first time, through his essays in Punjabi language|Punjabi language, published in the journal Punjabi Darbar, during 1928 to 1933 [36] [37]. These essays are the first specimens of original research and criticism in prose in Punjabi Literature [38]. He highlighted that Punjabi language|Punjabi language contained Islamic literature, and, Muslims have served this language from the beginning [39]. He also wrote a book on the history of Punjabi literature [40]. He also edited Punjabi novel Jatt Di Kartoot, in 1929 [41]. Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque was a major contributor to the Punjabi language|Punjabi language movement [42]. He worked as a permanent member and convener of Punjabi Board of Studies in the University of the Punjab, Lahore, at least from 1922, until his death in 1939, and led efforts in the startup of Punjabi language education in the Persian script in the university, prepared syllabus and arranged for the Punjabi language in the University of the Punjab, Lahore [43]. Prior to that, Punjabi language education used to be given only in Gurmukhi script in the University of the Punjab University, Lahore.

Services for Persian Literature

Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque worked for the promotion of Persian language and Persian literature throughout his life. He started teaching Persian in Rajshahi College, Bengal, in 1913 [44]. He was the very first regular full-time lecturer of Persian [45], and in this capacity the first head of Persian department in Government College University, Lahore|Government College, Lahore, where he taught Persian language and literature from 1916 to 1939 until his death. He also taught the B.A., and M.A., Persian classes, in University of the Punjab|Punjab University, Lahore as a professor during this time. He also served as the head examiner and external examiner of Persian language and literature in Patna University, University of Calcutta, Delhi University, University of Allahabad, Aligarh Muslim University, Nagpur University, Osmania University, and University of Mysore in the same period [46]. His written books were taught as official text books of Persian for school, college, and university levels education. He also wrote several highly scholarly books about Persian language, literature and its history. His scholarly, literary and research articles used to publish in the best literary journals of his time, and, he was well respected in the national scholarly, literary and cultural circles [47].

Services for Urdu Literature

Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque introduced several old obscured Urdu poets of Punjab and their poetry and contributed to the history of Urdu literature in Punjab [48] [49] [50]. He wrote several scholarly books on the history of literature in Urdu language, that itself is a contribution to Urdu.

Demise

Khan Sahib Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque, died on July 31, 1939, at the age of 51, in Lahore. He was laid to rest in his ancestral village, Hajiwala, tehsil and district District Gujrat. He had two daughters Aziza Fatima, and Zubaida Fatima, and two sons Aziz-ul-Haque Masud and Bazl-i-Haque Mahmud.

Publications

Literary and Scholarly Books: The literary, scholarly and research books written by Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque, about Persian, Urdu and Punjabi language|Punjabi languages and literature, include: (i) Maqalaat-e Professor Khan Sahib Qazi Fazl-i-Haque [51], (ii) Sukhanvaran-e Bar-e Sagheer [52], (iii) Punjabi language|Punjabi Ilm-o Adab Mein Musalmanun Ka Hissa [53], (iv) Sukhanvaran-e Iran [54], (v) Sukhanvaran-e Iran-e Nou [55], (vi) Shoera-e Masnavi Sara [56], (vii) Ruh-e Naveen [57], (viii) Beest Rumaan-e Kuchak, (ix) Nou Farhang, (x) Mazameen-e Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque (Punjabi language|Punjabi Zabaan-o Adab Ton Mutaeliq Tanqeedi Tay Tehqeeqi Mazmun) [58].

Educational and Text Books: The text books written by Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque include: (i) Sarguzasht-e Mard-e Khasees [59], (ii) Sarguzasht-e Hakeem Nibataat [60], (iii) Chatthiyaan Di Vaar [61], (iv) Jatt Di Kartut [62], (v) Farsi Ki Pehli Kitaab [63], (vi) Farsi Ki Dursari Kitaab [64], (vii) Farsi Ki Teesari Kitaab [65], (viii) Persian Matriculation Grammar [66], (ix) Safeena-e Adab [67], (x) Sirf-o Nahv Kay Qaiday Per Mabni Farsi Ki Pehli Kitaab [68].

References

  1. Garrett, H. L. O (1964). A History of Government Collage, Lahore. Lahore: Government Collage, Lahore. p. 144.
  2. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: Punjab University, Lahore. 1919–1940.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  3. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zaban, Lahore. August-September 1972.
  4. Mahmud, Rajul-i-Haque (2018). Tareekh-e Adbiyaat-e Punjab. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. pp. 779–790. ISBN 978-969-35-3149-7.
  5. Mahmud, Rajul-i-Haque (1985). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque Marhoom". Saheefa, Majlis-e Taraqqi-e Adab, Lahore. April-June 1985: 51–72.
  6. Civil List, Government of Punjab. Lahore: Government Priniting Press. 1919.
  7. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zabaan, Lahore. August-September 1972.
  8. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1933). "Punjab Mein Urdu (I)". Oriental Collage Magazine, Lahore. February 1933.
  9. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1933). "Dohrray". Punjabi Darbaar, Lahore. January 1933.
  10. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1929). "Haafiz Barkhudaar". Punjabi Darbaar, Lyallpur. September 1929.
  11. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zaban, Lahore. August-September 1972.
  12. Garrett, H.L.O. (1964). A History of Government Collage Lahore. Lahore: Government College, Lahore. p. 144.
  13. Garrett, H. L. O. (1964). A History of Government Collage, Lahore. Lahore: Government Collage, Lahore. p. 147.
  14. Garrett, H. L. O. (1964). A History of Government Collage, Lahore. Lahore: Government Collage, Lahore. p. 198.
  15. Garrett, H. L. O. (1964). A History of Government Collage, Lahore. Lahore: Government Collage, Lahore. p. 238.
  16. "Government College Lahore Mein Old Ravians ka Salaana Ishaaiya". Imrouz, Lahore. February 27, 1978.
  17. Mahmud, Rajul-i-Haque (1985). "Professor Khan Sahib Qazi Fazl-i-Haque Marhoom". Ravi, Government Collage, Lahore. 74 (November 1985): 3–23.
  18. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: Punjab University, Lahore. 1918–38.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  19. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: The Punjab University, Lahore. 1920–39.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  20. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: The Punjab University, Lahore. 1922–25.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  21. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: The Punjab University, Lahore. 1922–39.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  22. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: The Punjab University, Lahore. 1925–27.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  23. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: The Punjab University, Lahore. 1931–39.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  24. The Punjab University Calendar. Lahore: The Punjab University, Lahore. 1922–39.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  25. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zabaan, Lahore. August–September, 1972.
  26. "Punjab Historical Society Journal, Lahore". Punjab Historical Society Journal, Lahore. 7: 199.
  27. Proceedings and Transactions of the Fifth Indian Oriental Conference, Vol. I. Lahore: Indian Oriental Conference, Lahore. 1930.
  28. Proceedings and Transactions of the Fifth Indian Oriental Conference (Volume I). Lahore: Indian Oriental Conference, Lahore. 1930. p. 151.
  29. Proceedings and Transactions of the Fifth Indian Oriental Conference (Volume I). Lahore: Indian Oriental Conference, Lahore. 1930. pp. 173–75.
  30. Roedaad-e Idara-e Maaeraf-e Islamia, First Session, Lahore. Lahore: Idara-e Maaeraf-e Islamia, Lahore. 1933.
  31. Catalogue Iqbal Museum, No. 19, Cat. V. Lahore: Iqbal Museum,Lahore.
  32. Roedaad-e Idara-e Maaeraf-e Islamia, Second Session. Lahore: Idara-e Maaeraf-e Islamia, Lahore. 1938.
  33. Letter No. 8, dated January 4, 1933, Office of Kutab Khan-e Anjuman-e Hamayat-e Islam. Lahore: Kutab Khan-e Anjuman-e Hamayat-e Islam, Lahore. 1933.
  34. "Punjab Historical Society Journal, Lahore". Punjab Historical Society Journal, Lahore. 7: 199.
  35. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1925). Chatthiyaan Di Vaar. Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali and Sons, Lahore.
  36. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zaban, Lahore. August-September 1972.
  37. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i- (1917). Mazameen-e Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore. ISBN 978-969-35-3005-6.
  38. Mahmud, Rajul-i-Haque (2018). Tareek-e Adbiyat-e Punjab- Punjabi Zaban Wich. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore. pp. 783–794. ISBN 978-969-35-3147-3.
  39. Roedaad-e Idara-e Maaeraf-e Islamia, Second Session. Lahore. 1930.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  40. Haque, Qazi GFazl-i-Haque (2004). Punjabi Ilm-o Adab Mein Musalmaanun Ka Hissa. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications, Lahore. ISBN 969-35-1549-8.
  41. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i- (1929). Jatt Di Kartoot (Edited by Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque). Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali & Sons, Lahore.
  42. Shaan, Harnaam Singh (1961). Parakh Perrchol. Chandigarh (India).{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  43. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zaban,Lahore. August-September 1972.
  44. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zaban, Lahore. August-September 1972.
  45. Garrett, H. L. O. (1964). A History of Government Collage, Lahore. Lahore: Government Collage, Lahore. p. 144.
  46. Mahmud, Bazl-i-Haque (1972). "Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque". Punjabi Zaban, Lahore. August-September 1972.
  47. Mahmud, Rajul-i-Haque (1985). "Professor Khan Sahib Qazi Fazl-i-Haque Marhoom". Ravi, Government Collage, Lahore. 74, November 1985: 3–23.
  48. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i- (1933). "Punjab Mein Urdu (I)". Oriental Collage Magazine, Punjab University, Lahore. February 1933.
  49. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i- (1937). "Punjab Mein Urdu (II)". Oriental Collage Magazine, Punjab University, Lahore. May 1937.
  50. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1931). "Urdu Mugulon Ke Darbar Mein". Oriental Collage Magazine, Punjab University, Lahore. August 1931.
  51. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2006). Maqalaat-e Professor Khan Sahib Qazi Fazl-i-Haque. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 969-35-1851-9.
  52. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2008). Sukhanvaran-e Bar-e Sagheer. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693521207.
  53. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2004). Punjabi Ilm-o Adab Mein Musalmaanun Ka Hissa. Lahore: (Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693515497.
  54. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1990–2011). Sukhanvaran-e Iran. Lahore: Idara-e Saqafat-e-Islamia, and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693524284.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  55. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2007). Sukhanvaran-e Iran-e Nou. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693519860.
  56. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2008). Shoera-e Masnavi Sara. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693521214.
  57. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2007). Ruh-e Naveen. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693519877.
  58. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2017). Mazameen-e Professor Qazi Fazl-i-Haque. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693530055.
  59. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1919–2009). Sarguzasht-e Mard-e Khasees. Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali & Sons and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693522945.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  60. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1923–2009). Sarguzasht-e Hakeem Nibataat. Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali & Sons and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693522931.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  61. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1925–2004). Chatthiyaan Di Vaar. Lahore: Sheik Mubarak Ali & Sons and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693514292.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  62. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1929). Jatt Di Kartut. Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali & Sons.
  63. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1920–2009). Farsi Ki Pehli Kitaab. Lahore: Utter Chand Kapoor & Sons and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693522982.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  64. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1920–2009). Farsi Ki Dursari Kitaab. Lahore: Utter Chand Kapoor & Sons, and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693522974.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  65. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1920–2009). Farsi Ki Teesari Kitaab. Lahore: Utter Chand Kapoor & Sons, and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9789693522969.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  66. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i. Persian matriculation Grammar. Lahore: Sheikh Mubarak Ali & Sons, Lahore.
  67. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (1939–2009). Safeena-e Adab. Lahore: Punjab University Press, and Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693522915.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date format (link)
  68. Haque, Qazi Fazl-i (2009). Sirf-o Nahv Kay Qaiday Per Mabni Farsi Ki Pehli Kitaab. Lahore: Sang-e-Meel Publications. ISBN 9693522958.

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