Manyuan Long

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Manyuan Long
Born
Luzhou, Sichuan, China
Known forNew gene evolution
AwardsJohn Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for Biology

Ray Wu Award

Distinguished Investigator Award in Biology, University of Chicago
Scientific career
FieldsNew gene evolution and origination
ThesisThe Origin and Evolutionary Mechanism of New Genes (1992)
Doctoral advisorCharles Langley
Other academic advisorsWalter Gilbert & Richard Lewontin

Manyuan Long is an American evolutionary biologist and geneticist, known for investigating the origination and evolution of new genes. He received numerous awards including the John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for Biology.[1][2][3][4]

Early life

Manyuan Long was born and grew up in a family from an ethnic minority group from the mountainous area of southwestern China, the Miao (also called Hmong). In the late stage of the political turmoil of the Cultural Revolution, after middle school, Long was exiled as "Sent-down youth" to a poor mountainous area in southern Sichuan. Working as a peasant, postman and commune secretary in the village for three years, Long endured starvation but survived by a chance to grow rice in Hainan.[5][6]

Education

Long was enrolled in Sichuan Agricultural University after his hard journey in countryside, earning a Bachelor's degree|baccalaureate in agronomy in 1982 and a Master's degree in plant genetics and breeding in 1985.[7] Two year later, in 1987, he was admitted into the genetics graduate program at the University of California, Davis, where he earned a PhD in genetics in 1992, mentored by Charles Langley.[8] He worked as postdoctoral fellow in Harvard University to research molecular biology and population genetics with Walter Gilbert and Richard Lewontin.[9]

Career and research

Research career

Long was appointed assistant professor in Department of Ecology and Evolution at the University of Chicago in 1997. He was promoted as associate professor with tenure in 2003, full professor with tenure in 2005. He has been the Edna K. Papazian Distinguished Service Professor since 2011.

New gene origin

Manyuan Long proposed and defined the concept of the "evolutionary new genes" in early 1990s[8][10]. He has then delved into this question area by integrating tools including experimental techniques and computational bioinformatics[11]. In 1993, Long identified the scientific problem of new gene evolution while researching a gene called Jingwei , the first ever known new gene with Charles Langley at Davis.[8][12][13][14] He did his postdoctoral research work for four and a half years, with Walter Gilbert and Richard Lewontin at Harvard University, investigating the evolution of gene structures while continuing his research on Jingwei. The origination of Jingwei was noted as a classical example of new gene formation in Nature Education library[15] and the textbook of Evolution by Douglas J. Futuyma and Mark Kirkpatrick.[16]

Long developed methods and theories used to investigate the new genes, including theoretical, computational, and molecular experimental approaches.[17][18] He has investigated molecular mechanisms, rates, and patterns of new gene origination in species ranging from fruit flies[19][20][21] to insects,[22] vertebrates,[23][24] and plants.[25][26][27] His research interests include phenotypes and functions of new genes,[28][29] the evolution of gene expression networks by the integration of new genes,[30][31] and the imperfection of gene functions with underlying conflicting evolutionary forces.[32][33][34]

One of Long and his coworkers' findings, De novo gene birth|de novo genes are far more commonly than previously thought[25], was rated as one of "15 studies that challenged medical dogma in 2019" (medscape).[35]

History of science

Long has also worked in the history of the sciences, especially the early history of molecular biology, genomics, molecular evolution, and general evolutionary biology. He has established and currently teaches graduate courses on the classic texts of evolutionary genetics.

He collaborated with Walter Gilbert to investigate and record important discoveries as molecular biology began to emerge as a field, driven by research in the labs of Walter Gilbert and other scientific pioneers of the era, who shaped the molecular revolution in biology from the 1950s through the 1970s. Decades later, to commemorate and document this radical shift in scientific thought, Long oversaw the editing and publication of the book Walter Gilbert: Selected Works.[36]

He worked with the evolutionary geneticist Hongya Gu in Peking University|Peking university and the paleontologist Zhonghe Zhou in the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology (IVPP) of Chinese Academy of Sciences|the Chinese Academy of Sciences to publish another book, entitled Darwin’s Heritage Today,[37] regarding the history and impact of evolutionary biology research defined by Darwin since the publication of his work, On the Origin of Species, in 1859.[38]

Social impact

The new gene studies summarized by Long[17] was presented in the case of Kitzmiller v. Dover Area School District and elsewhere in defense of the First Amendment to U.S. Constitution[39][40] and the evolutionary biology.[41][42]

Awards and honors

1993 - Allen Marr Prize for the best Ph.D. thesis research in University of California, Davis, USA

2003 - CAREER Award National Science Foundation[43]

2011 - Inaugural Edna K Papazian Distinguished Service Professor The University of Chicago[44]

2014 - Fellow, the American Association for the Advancement of Science[45]

2019 - 15 Studies That Challenged Medical Dogma in 2019 Medscape[35]

2020 - The Distinguished Investigator Award in Biology, University of Chicago, USA[46]

2022 - The John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Fellowship for Biology, USA & Canada[3]

2022 - The Ray Wu Award, USA.[47]

References

  1. ↑ "Manyuan Long, PhD named Guggenheim Fellow | UChicago Biosciences". biosciences.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  2. ↑ "Manyuan Long". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 2022-11-22.
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 "2020 Guggenheim Fellowship winners announced". John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
  4. ↑ "JOHN SIMON GUGGENHEIM MEMORIAL FOUNDATION 2022 Fellows - United States and Canada". THE NEW YORK TIMES: A9. April 10, 2022.
  5. ↑ Levy, Adam (2019-10-16). "How evolution builds genes from scratch". Nature. 574 (7778): 314–316. doi:10.1038/d41586-019-03061-x.
  6. ↑ Mortola, Emily; Long, Manyuan (2021-05-01). "Turning Junk into Us: How Genes Are Born". American Scientist. 109 (3): 174–182.
  7. ↑ 哈赛 (September 2014). 未来光锥 (in Chinese). Beijing: 清华大学出版社. ISBN 9787302362142.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: unrecognized language (link)
  8. ↑ 8.0 8.1 8.2 Long, Manyuan; Langley, Charles H. (1993-04-02). "Natural Selection and the Origin of jingwei , a Chimeric Processed Functional Gene in Drosophila". Science. 260 (5104): 91–95. doi:10.1126/science.7682012. ISSN 0036-8075.
  9. ↑ De Souza, Sandro J.; Long, Manyuan; Gilbert, Walter (June 1996). "Introns and gene evolution". Genes to Cells. 1 (6): 493–505. doi:10.1046/j.1365-2443.1996.d01-264.x. ISSN 1356-9597.
  10. ↑ Long, Manyuan (1992). The origin and evolutionary mechanism of new genes. University of California, Davis.
  11. ↑ "| Ecology & Evolution | The University of Chicago". ecologyandevolution.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2022-11-26.
  12. ↑ Bell, Graham (2015). The Evolution of Life. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-871257-2.
  13. ↑ The University of Chicago Magazine. University of Chicago, Alumni Association. 1998.
  14. ↑ Powell, Jeffrey R. (1997-09-04). Progress and Prospects in Evolutionary Biology: The Drosophila Model. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-536032-5.
  15. ↑ "Origins of New Genes and Pseudogenes | Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  16. ↑ Futuyma, Douglas J.; Kirkpatrick, Mark (2018). Evolution. Sinauer Associates.
  17. ↑ 17.0 17.1 Long, Manyuan; VanKuren, Nicholas W.; Chen, Sidi; Vibranovski, Maria D. (2013). "New Gene Evolution: Little Did We Know". Annual review of genetics. 47: 307–333. doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-111212-133301. ISSN 0066-4197. PMC 4281893. PMID 24050177.
  18. ↑ Lee, UnJin; Mortola, Emily N.; Kim, Eun-jin; Long, Manyuan (December 2022). "Evolution and maintenance of phenotypic plasticity". Biosystems. 222: 104791. doi:10.1016/j.biosystems.2022.104791. ISSN 0303-2647.
  19. ↑ Betrán, Esther; Thornton, Kevin; Long, Manyuan (2002-11-12). "Retroposed New Genes Out of the X in Drosophila". Genome Research. 12 (12): 1854–1859. doi:10.1101/gr.604902. ISSN 1088-9051.
  20. ↑ Xia, Shengqian; VanKuren, Nicholas W.; Chen, Chunyan; Zhang, Li; Kemkemer, Clause; Shao, Yi; Jia, Hangxing; Lee, UnJin; Advani, Alexander S.; Gschwend, Andrea; Vibranovski, Maria D.; Chen, Sidi; Zhang, Yong E.; Long, Manyuan (2021-07-09). "Genomic analyses of new genes and their phenotypic effects reveal rapid evolution of essential functions in Drosophila development". PLOS Genetics. 17 (7): e1009654. doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1009654. ISSN 1553-7404. PMC 8270118. PMID 34242211.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link)
  21. ↑ Xia, Shengqian; Ventura, Iuri M.; Blaha, Andreas; Sgromo, Annamaria; Han, Shuaibo; Izaurralde, Elisa; Long, Manyuan (2021-08-27). "Rapid gene evolution in an ancient post-transcriptional and translational regulatory system compensates for meiotic X chromosomal inactivation". dx.doi.org. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  22. ↑ Miller, Duncan; Chen, Jianhai; Liang, Jiangtao; Betrán, Esther; Long, Manyuan; Sharakhov, Igor V. (2022-05-28). "Retrogene Duplication and Expression Patterns Shaped by the Evolution of Sex Chromosomes in Malaria Mosquitoes". Genes. 13 (6): 968. doi:10.3390/genes13060968. ISSN 2073-4425.
  23. ↑ Shao, Yi; Chen, Chunyan; Shen, Hao; He, Bin Z.; Yu, Daqi; Jiang, Shuai; Zhao, Shilei; Gao, Zhiqiang; Zhu, Zhenglin; Chen, Xi; Fu, Yan; Chen, Hua; Gao, Ge; Long, Manyuan; Zhang, Yong E. (2019-03-12). "GenTree, an integrated resource for analyzing the evolution and function of primate-specific coding genes". Genome Research. 29 (4): 682–696. doi:10.1101/gr.238733.118. ISSN 1088-9051.
  24. ↑ Emerson, J. J.; Kaessmann, Henrik; Betrán, Esther; Long, Manyuan (2004-01-23). "Extensive Gene Traffic on the Mammalian X Chromosome". Science. 303 (5657): 537–540. doi:10.1126/science.1090042. ISSN 0036-8075.
  25. ↑ 25.0 25.1 Zhang, Li; Ren, Yan; Yang, Tao; Li, Guangwei; Chen, Jianhai; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Yu, Yeisoo; Hou, Guixue; Zi, Jin; Zhou, Ruo; Wen, Bo; Zhang, Jianwei; Chougule, Kapeel; Wang, Muhua; Copetti, Dario (April 2019). "Rapid evolution of protein diversity by de novo origination in Oryza". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 3 (4): 679–690. doi:10.1038/s41559-019-0822-5. ISSN 2397-334X. PMID 30858588.
  26. ↑ Jin, Guihua; Ma, Peng-Fei; Wu, Xiaopei; Gu, Lianfeng; Long, Manyuan; Zhang, Chengjun; Li, De-Zhu (2021-09-28). "New Genes Interacted With Recent Whole-Genome Duplicates in the Fast Stem Growth of Bamboos". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 38 (12): 5752–5768. doi:10.1093/molbev/msab288. ISSN 1537-1719.
  27. ↑ Huang, Yuan; Chen, Jiahui; Dong, Chuan; Sosa, Dylan; Xia, Shengqian; Ouyang, Yidan; Fan, Chuanzhu; Li, Dezhu; Mortola, Emily (2021-04-06). "Species-specific gene duplication inArabidopsis thalianaevolved novel phenotypic effects on morphological traits under strong positive selection". dx.doi.org. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  28. ↑ Zhang, Yong E.; Landback, Patrick; Vibranovski, Maria D.; Long, Manyuan (2011-10-18). "Accelerated Recruitment of New Brain Development Genes into the Human Genome". PLoS Biology. 9 (10): e1001179. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001179. ISSN 1545-7885.
  29. ↑ Zhang, Yong E.; Landback, Patrick; Vibranovski, Maria; Long, Manyuan (2012-09-24). "New genes expressed in human brains: Implications for annotating evolving genomes". BioEssays. 34 (11): 982–991. doi:10.1002/bies.201200008. ISSN 0265-9247.
  30. ↑ Zhang, Wenyu; Landback, Patrick; Gschwend, Andrea R.; Shen, Bairong; Long, Manyuan (2015-10-01). "New genes drive the evolution of gene interaction networks in the human and mouse genomes". Genome Biology. 16 (1). doi:10.1186/s13059-015-0772-4. ISSN 1474-760X.
  31. ↑ Chen, Sidi; Ni, Xiaochun; Krinsky, Benjamin H; Zhang, Yong E; Vibranovski, Maria D; White, Kevin P; Long, Manyuan (2012-04-27). "Reshaping of global gene expression networks and sex-biased gene expression by integration of a young gene". The EMBO Journal. 31 (12): 2798–2809. doi:10.1038/emboj.2012.108. ISSN 0261-4189.
  32. ↑ VanKuren, Nicholas W.; Long, Manyuan (2018-02-19). "Gene duplicates resolving sexual conflict rapidly evolved essential gametogenesis functions". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (4): 705–712. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0471-0. ISSN 2397-334X.
  33. ↑ Gallach, Miguel; Betrán, Esther (May 2011). "Intralocus sexual conflict resolved through gene duplication". Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 26 (5): 222–228. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2011.02.004. ISSN 0169-5347.
  34. ↑ Perry, Jennifer C. (April 2018). "Duplication resolves conflict". Nature Ecology & Evolution. 2 (4): 597–598. doi:10.1038/s41559-018-0493-7. ISSN 2397-334X.
  35. ↑ 35.0 35.1 "15 Studies That Challenged Medical Dogma in 2019". Medscape. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  36. ↑ Gilbert, Walter; Long, Manyuan (2019-01-28). "Walter Gilbert". doi:10.1142/11355. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  37. ↑ Long, Manyuan; Gu, Hongya; Zhou, Zhonghe (2010). Darwin's Heritage Today: Proceedings of the Darwin 200 Beijing International Conference. Higher Education Press.
  38. ↑ Darwin, Charles (2022). On the Origin of Species. Printers Row Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-6672-0250-1. OCLC 1340958954.
  39. ↑ "Kitzmiller v. Dover: Day 21, AM: Scott Minnich (continued)". www.talkorigins.org. Retrieved 2022-11-24.
  40. ↑ Scott, Eugenie C. (2008-12-30). Evolution vs. Creationism: An Introduction, 2nd Edition: An Introduction. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-34428-2.
  41. ↑ Judson, Olivia (2008-05-07). "When Genes Go Retro". Opinionator. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  42. ↑ "David Gelernter is Wrong About Ditching Darwin". Quillette. 2019-09-09. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  43. ↑ "Manyuan Long". www.nasonline.org. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  44. ↑ "Inaugural Edna K Papazian Distinguished Service Professor | Profiles RNS". profiles.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  45. ↑ "New AAAS Fellows Recognized for Their Contributions to Advancing Science | American Association for the Advancement of Science". www.aaas.org. Retrieved 2022-11-28.
  46. ↑ "Dr. Manyuan Long Receives 2020 BSD Distinguished Faculty Award | Ecology & Evolution | The University of Chicago". ecologyandevolution.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2022-11-27.
  47. ↑ "Awards". CHINESE BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATORS SOCIETY. Retrieved 2022-11-27.

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