Liouba Bortniker
Liouba Bortniker (1860 - 1900s) was a Russian mathematician, naturalized French, who was the second female graduate in mathematics in France, the first woman associate in mathematics, and the first recipient of the Peccot Lectures.[1] After Bortniker in 1885, it was not until 1920 that Madeleine Chaumont and Georgette Parize receiving the masculine associate of mathematics.The "masculine" or "classical" associate of mathematics is to be distinguished from the feminine associate, distinct and much easier, reserved for women in view of forming teachers.</ref>
Early years
Liouba BortnikerOne also meets the spelling "Bortnicker" in the registers of the faculty of sciences and in the notes of the inspector general Vacquant.</ref> was born on May 20th 1860 in Alexandrovka,Ukraine|Ukraine, (then part of Russia). She arrived in Paris in 1879. She obtained the equivalent of a then-complete Bachelor of Science with written mathematics on February 23 1880. In November 1881, she joined the Template:Interlanguage link, where on July 30 1881 she obtained the degree in mathematical sciences before a jury composed of Jean Claude Bouquet, Jules Tannery, and Félix Tisserand.[1]
On 9 November 1881, she was named répétitrice at the École normale supérieure de jeunes filles of Sèvres, for her work in the sciences. By the a decree on December 19th 1881, Bortniker, a schoolteacher, was "authorized to establish her home in France".
In February of 1883 she obtained a "leave of inactivity" to pursue studies. She was given her license of physical sciences on August 1st by a jury composed of Adolphe Wurtz, Charles Friedel, and Gabriel Lippmann.
Associate
The next year, she was an aggregation scholarship holder at Paris. In August 1884, she was eligible for the aggregation of mathematics, 17th of the 20 eligibles. The Journal des débats of 20 August expressed relief that "It's the first time that this fact happened". Bortniker did not succeed the oral, and was not classed.
A decree of 4 June 1885 conferred her French nationality; she appeared there as primary school teacher. In July-August, Bortniker presented herself again to the aggregation.
Among the 104 registered, Bortniker was the sole woman; on the issue of written proofs, she was classed 4th of 23 eligibles. After oral proofs, she was classed second of twelve admitted, including four from the graduating class of the rue d'Ulm and three normaliens graduating in 1884.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Brasseur, Roland (2011). Liouba Bortniker (PDF). Gazette de la Société mathématique de France. pp. 51–68. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 Feb 2015. Retrieved 27 Apr 2021.
External links
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