José Sanjurjo Rodríguez
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José Sanjurjo Rodríguez | |
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| Born | 1866 A Coruña |
| Died | February 26, 1946 |
| Occupation | Trade unionist |
José Sanjurjo Rodríguez was born in A Coruña in 1866 and died in Sada on 26 February 1946.[1]. He was a Galician syndicalist and anarchist politician from Spain[2].
José Sanjurjo Rodríguez co-founded the anarchist group Ni Dios ni Amo (‘No God, No Master’) along with Marcial Lores and Benito Cadavid, and took over the second era of the publication El Corsario (‘The Corsair’). He actively supported the social activity of anarchists at the Certame Socialista Libertario de La Plata (‘La Plata Libertarian Socialist Gathering’) in 1898.* He was also the promoter of the La Antorcha Galaica del Libre Pensamiento (‘The Galician Torch of Free Thought’) (1897), where he served as its first president, and the Centro de Estudios Sociales Germinal (‘Germinal Social Studies Center’) (1902)[3]
He took part in the workers’ movement in A Coruña, helping to establish the tailors’ union Sociedad de Sastres y Sastras La Fraternidad (‘Brotherhood Society of Male and Female Tailors’) (1901). In 1906, he was one of the worker representatives who signed the first collective labor agreement in A Coruña.
José Sanjurjo Rodríguez participated in nearly all public anticlerical actions in A Coruña and contributed to the supplements of the Revista Blanca (‘The White Review’) (1901), as well as to Germinal and Coruña Moderna (‘Modern Coruña’). He published several pamphlets, including Aclaraciones (‘Clarifications’) (1904), Abnegación (‘Selflessness’) (1925), El Hereje(‘The Heretic’) (1925), and El Nudo Gordiano (‘The Gordian Knot’) (1931). He also prepared a “Method of graded reading” for the Escuela Laica de Atocha (‘Atocha Secular School’) in 1905.
During the Spanish Civil War, he was interned with his adult son, Raúl Sanjurjo Gómez, at the political prison camp on the island of San Simón. He passed away in Castelo, Sada, at the age of 79.
Notes
*The Certame Socialista Libertario de La Plata (in Spanish, often referred to as Certamen Socialista Libertario de La Plata) was a socialist–libertarian (anarchist) congress and cultural gathering held in La Plata, Argentina, in 1898.
It brought together anarchists, syndicalists, and free-thinkers from Spain and Latin America, with the aim of exchanging ideas, promoting libertarian education, and strengthening the international anarchist movement.
*La Antorcha Galaica del Libre Pensamiento (‘The Galician Torch of Free Thought’) was a freethinker and anarchist association founded in A Coruña in 1897.
The Centro de Estudios Sociales Germinal (‘Germinal Social Studies Center’) was a libertarian/anarchist workers’ cultural and educational association founded in 1902 in A Coruña. It brought together anarchists, republicans, federalists, trade unionists, and progressive intellectuals with the goal of educating and politically organizing the working classes.
The Escuela Laica de Atocha (‘Atocha Secular School’) in A Coruña, 1905, was part of the libertarian and secular education movement promoted by anarchists, freethinkers, and republican sectors at the start of the 20th century.
- It was created as an alternative to the religious education, which dominated most schools in Galicia at the time.
- The school aimed to provide scientific, rationalist, and egalitarian education, free from dogma and clerical control.
- José Sanjurjo Rodríguez collaborated by preparing a ‘method of graded reading’ for students, reflecting his concern for spreading literacy and free thought.
- It was part of a wider network of secular schools across Spain, often linked to anarchist circles and supported by worker societies.
Such schools were not only about teaching children to read and write—they also promoted critical thinking, social justice, and anticlerical values, aligning with the anarchist ideal of building a new society through education.
References
- ↑ Fernández Fernández, Eliseo; Pereira, Dionísio (2004). O anarquismo na Galiza. Santiago de Compostela: Positivas. pp. 220–221. ISBN 978-84-87783-79-1.
- ↑ Entrada "Sanjurjo, Xosé" do Dicionario biográfico de Galicia, T. 3, p. 230. Ir Indo Edicións, 2010-2011, Vigo.
- ↑ Pereira Martínez, Carlos; Romero Masiá, Ana (2003). Germinal: Centro de Estudios Sociais (Cultura Obreira na Coruña, 1902-1936). Betanzos, A Coruña: Briga edicións. ISBN 978-84-932734-2-2.
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