Ivan De Araujo
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Ivan De Araujo | |
|---|---|
| Alma mater | University of Oxford (PhD) |
| Scientific career | |
| Fields | Gut-Brain Axis |
| Institutions | Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Yale University University of Oxford |
| Thesis | Taste and Olfactory Representations in the Human Brain (2003) |
| Doctoral advisor | Edmund T. Rolls |
| Website | www |
Ivan De Araujo is Director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen, Germany, along with Peter Dayan. He is known for his seminal investigations on sugar preference and on the reward functions of the gut-brain axis. After describing the taste-independent reward phenomenon[1], he pioneered studies linking the intestine to the brain dopamine system[2][3]. His laboratory also performed the founding studies on the reward function of the vagus nerve[4]. Other fields covered by his investigations include a seminal paper on the neural circuitry of predatory hunting[5], a biological model for opportunistic eating.
Education
De Araujo studied Philosophy and Mathematics at the University of Brasilia, followed by postgraduate studies in artificial intelligence at the University of Edinburgh School of Informatics. He was awarded the title of Doctor of Philosophy (DPhil) in Experimental Psychology at the University of Oxford, under the supervision of Edmund T. Rolls.
Career and research
De Araujo’s doctoral thesis focused on cortical mechanisms linked to the pleasurable perceptions associated with taste and flavors. After his doctorate, he held a postdoctoral research position with Miguel Nicolelis at Duke University. He then took up an assistant professor position at the Pierce Laboratories at Yale University, where he was eventually appointed Professor of Psychiatry. Between 2018 and 2023, he was a Professor of Neuroscience at Mount Sinai Hospital New York. In May 2023, the Max Planck Society announced his appointment as a Director at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tübingen.
In 2008, De Araujo and colleagues showed that taste-blind mice could form preferences for caloric sugars, and that their brains release the pleasure neurotransmitter dopamine during sugar consumption, despite absence of taste function[1]. This implies that sugar preference is a biological phenomenon by which sugar is preferred over artificial sweeteners. His group then engaged on a series of studies to identify the gut-brain reward axis. Ten years later, the research resulted in the identification of the vagus nerve as a key conductor of reward signals from the body to the brain[4]. This provided a basis for understanding how our brains form preferences for calorically dense foods via unconscious processes.
Repercussion
De Araujo’s research has attracted the attention of the general public, being featured in news outlets such as the Time Magazine[6], NPR[7], Australian Broadcasting Corporation[8], CBC[9],Financial Times[10], The Guardian[11], Washington Post[12], New York Post[13], NBC News[14], LA Times[15], The Telegraph[16], The Daily Mail[17],RFI France[18], El Pais[19], La Nacion[20], The Boston Globe[21], Scientific American[22],The Scientist[23], Nature News[24], Science Magazine[25], Folha de São Paulo[26], and many others.
References
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 de Araujo, I. E. et al. Food Reward in the Absence of Taste Receptor Signaling. Neuron (2008) doi: 10.1016/j.neuron.2008.01.032
- ↑ Tellez LA, Medina S, Han W, Ferreira JG, Ren X, Lam T, Schwartz GJ, de Araujo IE (2013) A gut lipid messenger links excess dietary fat to dopamine deficiency. Science 341:800-2. PMID: 23950538
- ↑ Tellez LA, Han W, Zhang X, Ferreira TL, Perez IO, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, van den Pol AN, de Araujo IE (2016) Separate circuitries encode the hedonic and nutritional values of sugar. Nature Neuroscience 19(3):465-70. PMID: 26807950
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Han W, Tellez LA, Perkins MH, Perez IO, Qu T, Ferreira J, Ferreira TL, Quinn D, Liu ZW, Gao XB, Kaelberer MM, Bohórquez DV, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, de Lartigue G, de Araujo IE (2018) A Neural Circuit for Gut-Induced Reward. Cell 175:665–678 PMID: 30245012
- ↑ Han W, Tellez LA, Rangel MJ Jr, Motta SC, Zhang X, Perez IO, Canteras NS, Shammah-Lagnado SJ, van den Pol AN, de Araujo IE (2017) Integrated Control of Predatory Hunting by the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala. Cell 168(1-2):311-324. PMID: 28086095
- ↑ "The Two Ways Sugar Hijacks Your Brain". NPR.
- ↑ "Flipping A Switch In The Brain Turns Lab Rodents Into Killer Mice". NPR.
- ↑ "Why low calorie food seems unappealing". ABS.
- ↑ "Lasers turn mice into tiny bloodthirsty predators". CBC.
- ↑ "Scientists turn mild-mannered mice into killers". FT.
- ↑ "Scientists use light to trigger killer instinct in mice". The Guardian.
- ↑ "Scientists used light to turn mice into stone cold killers". Washington Post.
- ↑ "Lasers turn lab mice into brutal killers". New York Post.
- ↑ "Killer Mice Show Where Hunting Instinct Starts in the Brain". NBC News.
- ↑ "Using lasers, scientists turn mice into ferociously efficient hunters". LA Times.
- ↑ "Why sweetener is no substitute for sugar in the brain". The Telegraph.
- ↑ "Mice are transformed into aggressive 'zombie' hunters after scientists flick a killer switch in their brains". The Daily Mail.
- ↑ "US scientists activate predatory 'kill switch' in mice". RFI France.
- ↑ "Un grupo de científicos logra desactivar el 'instinto asesino' dentro del cerebro". El Pais.
- ↑ "El cerebro no puede ser engañado con edulcorantes". La Nacion.
- ↑ "Is obesity a form of addiction?". The Boston Globe.
- ↑ "A Nerve Pathway Links the Gut to the Brain's Pleasure Centers". Scientific American.
- ↑ "How Gastric Bypass Can Kill Sugar Cravings". The Scientist.
- ↑ "How a full gut tells the mouth to stop eating". Nature News.
- ↑ "Lasers turn mice into lethal hunters". Science Magazine.
- ↑ "Em NY, neurocientista brasileiro estuda relação entre obesidade e depressão". Folha de São Paulo.
External links
This article "Ivan De Araujo" is from Wikipedia. The list of its authors can be seen in its historical. Articles taken from Draft Namespace on Wikipedia could be accessed on Wikipedia's Draft Namespace. [Category:Alumni of the University of Edinburgh]]