Hanan bar Rava

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Hanan bar Rava
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NationalityIsraeli
CitizenshipIsrael
Occupation
  • Talmudic sage
  • Second-generation Babylonian Amora

Ḥanan bar Rava (חנן/חנא/חנין בר רב/א) or Ḥanan bar Abba (חנן בר א/בא)[1] was a Talmud sage and second-generation Amoraim. He lived in Israel, moved to Babylonia with Rav (Amora), and died there ca. 290 CE.[2][3][4] He is distinct from the late-generation Babylonian Amora of the same name who apparently conversed with Rav Ashi (352-427 CE[5]).[6] He was the son-in-law of Rav (Amora)[7] and is often quoted relaying Abba Arikha teachings or describing his customs. He was the father-in-law of Rav Chisda.[8] He posed several questions to Abaye about the proper performance of Jewish customs, who instructed him to observe their performance for himself.[9][10][11]

Bizna, Rabbi Zeira, Kahana bar Tahlifa, Rav Nachman|Nachman b. Yaakov, G'neva, Rav Chisda, and others relay his teachings in the Talmud.[2]

In 1997, the Supreme Court of Israel cited Ḥanan b. Rava's dictum, "All know for what purpose a bride enters the bridal canopy. Yet against whomsoever speaks obscenely thereof, even if a sentence of seventy years happiness has been sealed for him, it is reversed for evil," in establishing guidelines for legal censorship of pornography.[12]

Events

  • Ḥanan b. Rava taught a mishnah to Ḥiyya b. Rav in a booth of Rav (Amora) "An amputee Hotzaah exit with his prosthetic [on the Sabbath] -- the words of Rabbi Meir but Rabbi Yosei." Rav signaled him: "Reverse them."[13]
  • Judah bar Ezekiel, Jeremiah bar Abba, and Ḥanan b. Rava traveled to the house of Abin I. They brought couches for Yehudah b. Ezekiel and Yirmiah b. Abba, but not for Ḥanan b. Rava, who was forced to sit on the ground. Ḥanan b. Rava became incensed, and provoked his host to an Halakha.[14][15]
  • Ḥanan b. Rava thought that relatives were permitted to testify together about the coming of the New Moon because he had misattributed the two positions thereon. He was corrected by Rav Huna.[16]
  • When the Exilarch died, Rav Chisda instructed him to stand on a platform, tear his garments, and show them to the masses. By this the masses were instructed how to mourn the Exilarch.[17]
  • Ḥanan b. Rava went to his son-in-law Rav Chisda. He took his granddaughter and put her in his lap. Rav Chisda accused him of violating religious decency laws, but Ḥanan b. Rava insisted familial affection was permitted.[18] In another version, Ḥanan b. Rava kissed his young granddaughter.[19]
  • Ḥanan b. Rava and his associates were sitting and eating on the Sabbath. After they had eaten and Birkat Hamazon, Ḥanan b. Rava arose and departed. He returned, and found his associates saying Grace again! He asked, "Have we not already said Grace?" and the associates responded, "We said Grace, and then said Grace again, because we initially forgot to insert the Sabbath additions."[20]
  • Once Ḥanan b. Rava said to his associates, "Let me tell you something good I saw Abba Arikha|Rav do." He demonstrated the act. "And I said this before Samuel of Nehardea, and he rose and kissed me on my mouth."[21]
  • Rav was going to the house of his son-in-law Ḥanan b. Rava when he saw a ferry-boat approaching. He said, "A ferry-boat is approaching! It is an omen: tonight will be a yom tov for my stomach." Rav came to Ḥanan b. Raven's gate and looked through a crack in the door; he saw a spotted animal. He knocked on the gate, and everyone came to greet him, even the butchers. Rav did not lift his eyes from the animal, saying to them, "You would have fed Kosher forbidden meat to my grandchildren!" Rav did not eat from the animal.[22]

Selected Teachings

Teachings from Abba Arikha

  • If an alley was breached in its side, carrying within that alley on the Sabbath is prohibited if the breach is ten cubits wide. If in the front, even if the breach is only four cubits wide."[23]
  • Four winds blow on each day, and the north wind with each of the others. Were this not so, the world would not survive a single hour.[24]
  • All leaders, even minor officials, are chosen by Heaven.[25]Vulture (nasr) reliefs from Himyarite Kingdom
  • There are five permanent idolatrous the temple of Bel in Babylon, the temple of Nebo (god), the temple of Atargatis in Manbij[26], the temple of Serapis[27] in Ashkelon, and the temple of Nasr_(deity)|Nasr[26] in Himyarite Kingdom|Himyar.[28]
  • The order of the blessings is YaQNeHaSZ: first List of Jewish prayers and blessings#Blessing prior to food|Yayin, then Kiddush|Qiddush, then Shabbat candles|Ner, then Havdalah, then Sukkah, then Shehecheyanu|Z'man.[29]
  • The halakha follows Judah ha-Nasi for Sabbath matters.[30][31]

Biblical lineages

  • Elimelech, Boaz, and Naomi (biblical figure).
  • Haman's father was ʾĂmatlaʾy batʿÔrebtî.
  • Abraham's mother was ʾĂmatlaʾy bat Karnebo.
  • David's mother was Niṣṣebet bat ʿAdʾēl.
  • Samson's mother was Tzǝlelpônît, and his sister was Nǝšêq.
  • Abraham was imprisoned for 10 years: 3 years in Kutha and 7 years in Karduniaš.
  • When Abraham died, the leaders of the world's nations stood in a line and said "Woe to the world that has lost its leader, and woe to the ship that has lost its captain".

Other Teachings

  • There are four types of Kibroth Hattaavah, partridge, Common pheasant, and sh'lav. The best of all is the Sikhli, and the worst of all is the Sh'lav.[32]
  • One may roof their Sukkah with thorns and shrubs.[33]
  • If the Hazzan begins a chapter of Psalms, there is a mitzvah to respond, repeating the first verse.[34]
  • Kalenda (festival) is held for the eight days after the winter solstice. Saturnalia is held for the eight days before the winter solstice.[35]
  • If you own the four species, you do not have to lift all four.[36]
  • All know for what purpose a bride enters the bridal canopy. Yet against whomsoever speaks obscenely thereof, even if a sentence of seventy years happiness has been sealed for him, it is reversed for evil.[12][37]
  • Abraham served his guests three calf tongues with mustard, food ordinarily reserved for kings and ministers.[38][39]
  • "Haššǝsûʿâ" in Book of Deuteronomy|Deuteronomy 14:7 (usually translated as "that are split through") refers to a specific animal called the Šǝsûʿâ, which has two backs and two spines.[40]

References

  1. ↑ Tamud Yerushalami. Walter de Gruyter. 1931. ISBN 978-3-11-016591-3.
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 Frieman, Shulamis (2000-04-01). Who's Who in the Talmud. Jason Aronson, Incorporated. ISBN 978-1-4616-3254-2.
  3. ↑ Eisenberg, Ronald L. (2013). Essential Figures in the Talmud. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 978-0-7657-0941-7.
  4. ↑ "Rav Hanan b. Rabbah | Sefaria". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  5. ↑ Dubnow, Simon (1967). History of the Jews: From the Roman Empire to the early medieval period. Associated University Presse.
  6. ↑ b. Beitzah 30a in printings. However, all MSS read "רבא בר רב חנן לאביי" instead; the two are often confused. https://archive.org/details/20210303_20210303_1229
  7. ↑ b. ḤHullin|ullin 95b ff.: "רב הוה אזיל לבי רב חנן בר רבא חתניה"
  8. ↑ . Avodah Zarah 11b
  9. ↑ "Eruvin 14b:19". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  10. ↑ "Berakhot 45a:2". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  11. ↑ "Beitzah 30a:7". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  12. ↑ 12.0 12.1 "Administrative Law | Cardozo Israeli Supreme Court Project". versa.cardozo.yu.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  13. ↑ "Shabbat 66a:8". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  14. ↑ "Shabbat 121b". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  15. ↑ "Rashi on Shabbat 121b:1:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  16. ↑ "Rosh Hashanah 22a". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  17. ↑ "Moed Katan 22b:21". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  18. ↑ "HebrewBooks.org -בבלי - מסכת קידושין דף פא עמוד א". hebrewbooks.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  19. ↑ "Hasagot HaRamban on Sefer HaMitzvot, Negative Commandments 353:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  20. ↑ "Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 55b:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  21. ↑ "Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 10b". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  22. ↑ "Chullin 95b:5". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-05.
  23. ↑ "Eruvin 5b:11". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  24. ↑ "Gittin 31b:11". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  25. ↑ "Bava Batra 91b:2". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  26. ↑ 26.0 26.1 Bochart, Samuel (1712). Samuelis Bocharti Opera omnia. Hoc est Phaleg, Chanaan, et Hierozoicon. Quibus accesserunt Dissertationes variae ad illustrationem sacri codicis aliorumque monumentorum veterum. Praemittitur vita auctoris à Stephano Morino descripta...viri clarissimi Johannes Leusden & Petrus de Villemandy. Editio quarta (in Latina). apud Cornelium Boutesteyn, & Samuelem Luchtmans.
  27. ↑ Shaick, Ronit Palistrant. "Who is Standing Above the Lions in Ascalon?". Israel Numismatic Research, 7, 2012.
  28. ↑ "Avodah Zarah 11b:8". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  29. ↑ "Jerusalem Talmud Berakhot 57b". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  30. ↑ "Jerusalem Talmud Shabbat 35a:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  31. ↑ "Jerusalem Talmud Yevamot 67b:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-04.
  32. ↑ "Yoma 75b:7". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  33. ↑ "Sukkah 13a:2". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  34. ↑ "Sukkah 38b:2". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  35. ↑ "Avodah Zarah 6a:10". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  36. ↑ "Menachot 27a:21". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  37. ↑ "Shabbat 33a". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  38. ↑ "Bava Metzia 86b". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  39. ↑ "Rashi on Bava Metzia 86b:10:1". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-03.
  40. ↑ "Chullin 60b:7". www.sefaria.org. Retrieved 2021-03-04.

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