Electric vehicle
In automotive terms, an electric vehicle (EV) is a vehicle that is powered by one or more electric motors. It may be powered by a collector system that draws energy from extravehicular sources, or it can be powered by a battery that operates independently (sometimes charged by solar panels, or by converting fuel to electricity using fuel cells or a generator). Road and rail vehicles, surface and underwater watercraft, electric aeroplanes, and electric spacecraft are examples of electric vehicles, although they are not the only ones.
Electric vehicles (EVs) initially appeared on the scene in the mid-19th century, when electricity was one of the most popular types of motor vehicle propulsion, bringing a degree of comfort and simplicity of operation that could not be attained by the gasoline-powered automobiles of the time. Internal combustion engines dominated the propulsion of automobiles and trucks for almost 100 years, although electric power remained prevalent in other vehicle types, such as railways and smaller vehicles of all sorts.
In the twenty-first century, electric vehicles (EVs) have seen a renaissance as a result of technology advancements, a greater emphasis on renewable energy, and the possibility to reduce the effect of transportation on climate change and other environmental challenges. Electric cars, according to Project Drawdown, are one of the 100 greatest modern alternatives for combating climate change.
Initially established in the late 2000s, especially in the United States and the European Union, government incentives to encourage the use of electric cars have resulted in a rising market for the vehicles in recent years. Increased public interest and knowledge, as well as structural incentives, such as those incorporated into the green recovery from the COVID-19 epidemic, are predicted to significantly grow the market for electric vehicles in the next years. A report published in 2021 by the International Energy Agency recommends that nations increase their efforts to fulfil climate targets, especially by implementing rules for large electric cars. Electric vehicle sales are expected to grow from a 2 percent worldwide share in 2016 to a 30 percent global market by 2030. A large portion of this growth is expected in markets such as North America, Europe, and China; a 2020 literature review concluded that growth in the use of electric 4-wheeled vehicles would seem economically improbable in developing economies, but that growth in the use of electric 2-wheeled vehicles is likely. There are more 2 and 3 wheel electric vehicles on the road than any other kind.