Arthur Biehl
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Arthur Biehl | |
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| Nationality | America |
| Citizenship | USA |
| Occupation | Nuclear Scientist |
Arthur T. Biehl was an American Nuclear Scientist and top Nuclear Energy Expert who worked on the Hydrogen Bomb along with Edward Teller during the early 1950s and was also on the Air Force Scientific Advisory Board.
Career
In 1952, Biehl was a part of the committee that was doing research in support of the Nuclear Weapons program at Los Alamos at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory along with Edward Teller, Harold Brown and John S Foster Jr. [1]
On June 1956, Biehl and his friend Robert Mainhardt were announced as the Vice Presidents of the Aerojet General Nucleonics, the new subsidiary of the Aerojet General Corporation responsible for the development and production of nuclear reactors. A month later, on July 26 1956, Biehl was named the technical director of the new nucleonics division at Aerojet. [2]
In 1958, Biehl authored a book about Nuclear Energy and the economic aspects of Nuclear Engineering titled "Modern Nuclear Technology: A survey for Industry and Business". This book was published by McGraw Hill Publications on January 1, 1960. [3]
In 1959, Biehl was selected to be a member of the Ad Hoc Panel on Nuclear Test Requirements for the meeting of principals during the Geneva Nuclear Test Negotiations. This Ad Hoc Panel on Nuclear Test Requirements was convened by George B Kistiakowsky of the Atomic Energy Commission in accordance with Action no. 2108 b(1) of the National Security Council, as approved by the President of the US on July 20, 1959. This panel had decided that the proposed Nuclear Tests would arguably increase the potency of key programmed weapon systems and further research tests would lead to the discovery of new concepts in the field of weapons systems. [4]
In 1960, he co-founded MB Associates with Robert Mainhardt. The idea behind MBA was to develop armor-piercing rocket rounds. MB Associates developed Gyrojet firearms in the early 1960s and operated till 1980 until its acquisition by Tracor Inc, in the same year.[5] Despite having developed the Microjet firing Gyrojet weapons in the 60s, Biehl and Mainhardt do not claim to have originated the idea of a rocket firing personal weapon but only to have brought it into the future.[6]
In 1961, Biehl was a part of the special group of the Nuclear Panel that met on 23rd October, 1961 at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory to review the then current plans and directives for atmospheric tests of Nuclear Warheads. This group advocated to resume atmospheric testing and seperated their recommendations into four categories, i.e, Proof Tests, Effects Tests, System Tests, and Development Tests.[7]
In 1961, Biehl and Mainhardt invented Synthetic Meatpacking and filed a patent titled "Synthetic Meat" on September 26, 1961. The patent is currently assigned to Union Stock Yard and Transit Co Chicago. This invention is in regards to the process of reconstructing meat, and more specifically relates to the process of recomposing the structure found in high grade cuts of meat from relatively low grade cuts.[8]
In January 1968, the United States Energy Commission released a special report titled "Fundamental Nuclear Energy Research: A Supplemental Report to the Annual Report to Congress for 1967". Biehl was one of the many experts who contributed to this report since he was the Associate Director of Advanced Studies in Fundamental Nuclear Energy Research at Livermore, which was at the time, one of the major research and development facilities of the US Energy Commission.[9]
On 1 September 1960, the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCF) approved the establishment of an organization named Joint Strategic Target Planning Agency. This organization, later designated as the Joint Strategic Target Planning Staff, was in charge of planning and targeting functions and preparing the National Strategic Target List (NSTL) and the Single Integrated Operational Plan (SIOP). One of the experts selected to be a part of this hyper secret Nuclear War Planning Organization was Biehl. As a constituent of the 305 member group known as The Targeteers at the JSTPS, Biehl had the very highest security clearances and was responsible for formulating the National Strategic Target List, and determining the cities which would constitute the DGZs (Designated Ground Zeroes). [10]
In 1980, Biehl was invited by American businessman Richard Kelly Smyth to join The Board of Directors of Milco International. Biehl agreed to join as he had assumed that Milco International was a company that developed Aerospace Software for US Military and Space Operations. He soon realized that it was an Israeli Front Company set up by Israeli businessman Arnon Milchan who wanted Biehl to indulge in espionage against The United States. He soon resigned from the Board of Directors of Milco International. [11][12]
References
- ↑ "Ernest O. Lawrence, Co-Founder | Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory". www.llnl.gov. Retrieved 18 September 2023.
- ↑ "American Aviation Daily". American Aviation Associates. July 1956. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
- ↑ Mills, Mark M.; Jaffe, Raphael J. (1960). "Modern nuclear technology". McGraw-Hill. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ↑ "Foreign Relations of the United States, 1958–1960, Volume III, National Security Policy; Arms Control and Disarmament, Microfiche Supplement - Office of the Historian". history.state.gov. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ↑ "Cartridge of the Month". cartridgecollectors.org. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ↑ Dockery, Kevin (4 December 2007). Future Weapons. Penguin. ISBN 9781101206188. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ↑ "Home | National Security Archive" (PDF). nsarchive.gwu.edu. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ↑ Robert, Mainhardt; Biehl, Arthur T. (29 December 1964). "Synthetic meat". Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ↑ Reports, U. S. Atomic Energy Commission Division of Plans and; Commission, U. S. Atomic Energy (1967). "Fundamental Nuclear Energy Research: A Special Report of the United States Energy Commission". The Commission. Retrieved 20 September 2023.
- ↑ "History of the joint strategic target planning staff: background and preparation of Stop-62" (PDF). The Black Vault. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ↑ Borger, Julian (15 January 2014). "The truth about Israel's secret nuclear arsenal". The Guardian. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
- ↑ Bamford, James (January 17, 2023). Spyfail: Foreign Spies, Moles, Saboteurs, and the Collapse of America's Counterintelligence. New York: Twelve. pp. 127–129. ISBN 978-1538741153. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
External links
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