Alessandro Scarafile

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Alessandro Scarafile
Alessandro Scarafile.JPG
Born (1979-10-26) October 26, 1979 (age 44)
Milan
NationalityItalian
CitizenshipItaly
Alma mater
  • University of Pavia
  • University of Milan
Occupation
  • Computer scientist
  • Entrepreneur

Alessandro Scarafile (Milan, October 26, 1979) is an Italian computer scientist and entrepreneur expert in computer security.

Former software developer and consultant, he is known to have been in charge of Hacking Team[1] operations, coordinating between May 2011 and March 2019 the installation of backdoors for wiretapping, cyber intrusions and espionage activities in over 60 countries around the world. Following a massive cyberattack suffered by Hacking Team in 2015, thousands of confidential communications and emails are posted on the WikiLeaks website, highlighting direct relationships with government institutions, secret services and intelligence agencies around the world, including CIA, FBI[2], FSB[3], NSA[4], NISS[5] and VPD[6].

The material[7][8], which became public, revealed Scarafile's questionable involvement with governments deemed poorly respectful of human rights, including Azerbaijan[9], Bahrein[10], Honduras[11], Kazakhstan[12], Lebanon[13], Russia[14], Saudi Arabia[15], Sudan[16][17][18], United Arab Emirates[19] and Uzbekistan[20], in parallel to the support of Italian and international law enforcement agencies in relation to news events that have assumed great media relevance and considered not yet fully resolved, including the Murder of Yara Gambirasio and the Murder of Giulio Regeni, due to the alleged use of RCS software distributed by Hacking Team at ROS[21] in Italy and the Ministry of Defense[22] in Egypt.

In April 2019 Hacking Team was acquired by InTheCyber Group, changing its name to Memento Labs[23][24], where Scarafile was reconfirmed in charge for all the operations of the company, but suddenly leaving the position after only 5 months[1]. Although the work of Hacking Team has always been carried out within the apparent limits of the law, both Scarafile and its operational staff have never released any statements to the press, until an interview[25][26] on August 5, 2020 with Cynthia Lardner for International Policy Digest, where Scarafile clarified how the activities he managed during his assignments in Hacking Team were in effect of an "offensive" nature.

In 2020 he enters Syneto as Vice President for Cyber Security & Operations[27][28].

Biography

Alessandro Scarafile was born on October 26, 1979 in Milan, later moving with his family to the town of Pavia at the age of 15. Here he started his studies in the IT field[1], attending the G. Cardano technical institute and the Engineering Faculty at the University ofPavia, and then continuing his academic career through the Faculty of Security of Systems and Computer Networks at the University of Milan.

Entrepreneurship

In March 2002, at the age of 22, he opened his first IT consulting company based in Pavia, called NET-SERVICE[1], mainly active in the provision of services in the areas of development, networking, hosting, housing and co-location for Italian SMEs, which in the early 2000s began to appear on the Internet.

In 2010 he launched a startup with the name BrandToMe[1][29], a "social brandworking" web platform that entered public beta and then ceased in 2014, initially designed through an international collaboration group with students of the Tallinn University of Technology (Estonia) and Saint Petersburg (Russia).

In 2019, in conjunction with a sabbatical[1] dedicated to the study of IoT technologies and related security implications, launches a new startup called Crazy Trips[1], based in Tallinn (Estonia) through the e-Residency program, a company focused on the development of algorithms for monitoring the availability of low-cost air traffic in Eastern Europe, operating mainly between Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and Slovakia.

In 2020 he established SCARAFILE Consulting[30], an advisory company based in Timișoara (Romania).

Italian experience

Between 2002 and 2009 Scarafile carried out numerous consultancy activities mainly in the IT security, IT auditing and anti-fraud areas, for some of the most important Italian banking groups and consortia[1], including: Banca Intesa, Banca Mediolanum, Banca Popolare dell'Emilia Romagna, Banca Popolare di Vicenza, BPU Banca, CABEL, Capitalia, Cedacri, CSE, Intesa Sanpaolo, Iside, Lombarda Sistemi e Servizi, SEC Servizi, UBI Banca, UBS and UniCredit.

Between 2009 and 2011 he supported multiple Italian brands and local offices of multinational groups in the IT Project management and business information[1], in the insurance (Allianz, Cardif, CF Assicurazioni, Reale Mutua, SACE, Vittoria Assicurazioni, Zurich), automobile (FIAT, Iveco), distribution (Esprinet, Ingram Micro, Sonepar), energy (A2A, Edipower, Edison, Enel, Eni, ERG, Shell), financial (CartaSi, Compass, Diners, Fiditalia, Fininvest, Ktesios) and telecommunications (Vodafone, Wind) sectors.

In 2011 he joined Hacking Team[1], an Italian company focused on development of intrusion and espionage IT technologies, with headquarters in Milan and secondary offices in Singapore and Washington, D.C., holding the position of Operations Manager until company's acquisition, in 2019.

International experience

Mainly for having held the role of Operations Manager in Hacking Team, Scarafile has operated personally in at least 51 countries around the world, some of which are dealt with several times by the media due to the sale of "technological weapons" made by Hacking Team. These countries are probably joined by many others[31][32][33][34], even if they cannot be confirmed as they were not the subject of the 2015 data leak, but still part of the range of action of Hacking Team during his role, and taken up by various press and information.

Africa and the Middle East Americas Asia and Pacific Europe
Algeria[35] (Police) Argentina[36] Azerbaijan[37] Bulgaria[38][1]
Bahrain[39] Brazil[40] Bangladesh[41] (Armed Forces) Croatia[42] (Intelligence, Ministry of the Interior)
Egypt[43] Canada[6] Georgia[44] Cyprus[45]
Ethiopia[46] Chile[47] Indonesia[48] Czech Republic[49][1]
Iraq[50] Colombia[51] Kazakhstan[52] (National Security) Estonia[1]
Kurdistan[50] Ecuador[53] Malaysia[54] France[55]
Kuwait[56] (Ministry of Defence) Guatemala[57] Russia[58] Greece[44]
Lebanon[59] (National Security) Honduras[57] Singapore[60] Hungary[61][1]
Morocco[62] Mexico[63] (General Attorney) South Korea[64][65] (Intelligence) Ireland[66] (Defence Forces)
Nigeria[67] Panama[68] Thailand[69] Polizia Postale, ROS)
Oman[72] CIA, FBI, NSA) Uzbekistan[20] Kosovo[42] (Ministry of the Interior)
Qatar[74] Latvia[75]
Saudi Arabia[76] (Royal Court) Macedonia[42] (Intelligence, Ministry of the Interior)
Sudan[16] Montenegro[42] (Ministry of the Interior)
United Arab Emirates[77] Poland[78][1] (Anti-corruption)
Romania[1][79]
Serbia[80]
Slovakia[1]
Slovenia[42] (Ministry of the Interior)
Switzerland[81]
Turkey[82] (General Directorate of Security)
United Kingdom[83]

Nickname

Several sources[1][29][84] would lead to identify Alessandro Scarafile behind the pseudonym of Etnok, nickname signatory of a well-known Hacker Manifesto[85] written in the 90s and attributable to an Italian hacker group called Etnok Crew, also included in some university texts, including "Informatica, internet e diritto penale"[86] by Carlo Sarzana di S. Ippolito.


References

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  2. "WikiLeaks - The Hackingteam Archives". wikileaks.org.
  3. "WikiLeaks - The Hackingteam Archives". wikileaks.org.
  4. 4.0 4.1 "Exclusive: Ex-NSA cyberspies reveal how they helped hack foes of UAE". Reuters.
  5. "WikiLeaks - The Hackingteam Archives". wikileaks.org.
  6. 6.0 6.1 "Homeless in Vancouver: Emails show VPD looked into cellphone spyware from Hacking Team | Georgia Straight Vancouver's News & Entertainment Weekly". The Georgia Straight. 2015-11-27.
  7. "Se Hacking Team parla di Wired Italia". Wired (in italiano). 2015-07-09.
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  16. 16.0 16.1 "Gli affari di Hacking Team in Sudan: vendeva tecnologia ai servizi segreti". l'Espresso (in italiano). 2015-07-29.
  17. "Il Disinformatico: HackingTeam e la fattura al Sudan: nuovi documenti smontano la difesa dell'azienda". Il Disinformatico. 2015-07-07.
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  21. Autore Luca Cheli (2016-05-08). "Il ruolo di Hacking Team". Bossettiade (in italiano).
  22. null (2017-01-12). "Ciberguerra a la venta (Published 2017)". The New York Times (in español). Retrieved 2020-12-09.
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  30. "Contact". SCARAFILE Consulting.
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  85. "HK -= [Hacker Kulture] =- Manifest-H -= [Etnock Crew - Etnock] =-". www.dvara.net.
  86. Carlo Sarzana di S. Ippolito (2010). Informatica, internet e diritto penale (Terza ed.). ISBN 9788814150685.

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